The Oraon tribe, a prominent ethnic group in Jharkhand, India, is distinguished by its unique cultural practices, animistic beliefs, forest-based livelihoods, agrarian economy, Kurukh language, vibrant rituals and festivals. These elements form a strong sense of community and are preserved across generations. However, modern influences such as industrialization, modernization, westernization, sanskritization, and socioeconomic changes have significantly impact their social, economic, political, and cultural life. This study explores the effects of these factors on the cultural transformation of the Oraon tribe. The objectives of this paper are (i) to investigate the factors driving cultural transformation within the Oraon tribe, and (ii) to assess the impacts of modernization and industrialization on social structure and traditions. The research was conducted in Charki Tola, Murwe and Basaria village, located in the Simaria Block of Chatra district of Jharkhand, which is home to approximately 79 Oraon households. A qualitative research approach was employed, utilizing primary anthropological methods such as semi structured schedule, observation, interview and case study. The Oraon tribe is undergoing significant changes in their cultural identity due to internal dynamics and external influences, resulting in transformations in their life and cultural heritage. The Oraon tribe is undergoing significant changes in cultural identity due to modern technology and external influences. Social and cultural shifts are apparent as pressures from dominant cultures, state policies, and external perceptions erode their heritage. To preserve their traditions, initiatives should focus on raising awareness and educating the community about their languages, values, and traditions, ensuring future generations stay connected to their heritage