Objective: To explore the medicolegal implications, ethical challenges, and clinical outcomes of applying the principle of “benefit of the doubt” in medical practice. Methods: A mixed-methods study combining a systematic literature review (2010–2023) and qualitative analysis of 15 medicolegal case studies. A survey of 200 clinicians assessed attitudes toward uncertainty and patient trust. Results: Clinicians who routinely applied the benefit of the doubt reported higher patient satisfaction (85% vs. 62% in control groups) but faced 30% higher medicolegal risks. Diagnostic accuracy improved by 22% when clinicians prioritized patient narratives over isolated test results. Conclusion: The benefit of the doubt enhances patient-centered care but requires judicious use to mitigate legal risks.