India’s healthcare system, with progress in primary care, insurance expansion, and affordable generics, faces persistent challenges: inadequate infrastructure, underfunding, urban-rural disparities, and rising non-communicable diseases. Analysing recent policies, digital health integration, and regulatory frameworks reveals systemic gaps, including health worker safety risks and skewed resource allocation. To achieve universal health coverage, reforms must prioritize increased public spending, preventive care, and scalable digital solutions. Strengthening regulations, fostering stakeholder collaboration, and equitable resource distribution are critical to mitigating disparities and litigation vulnerabilities. A patient-centric approach, coupled with investments in preventive and telehealth initiatives, is essential to build an inclusive, resilient healthcare ecosystem that addresses India’s evolving demographic and disease burdens.