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Indian Journal of Communicable Diseases

Volume  11, Issue 1, Jan-June 2025, Pages 23-29
 

Case Report

Melioidosis: A Neglected Entity or an Upcoming Menace

Seema P Mahant1, Sagar khadanga2, Rashmi Verma3, Akash Pawar4

1 Professor, Department of General Medicine, AII India Institute of Medical Science, Saket Nagar, Bhopal 462020, India.

2 Additional Professor, Department of General Medicine, AII India Institute of Medical Science, Saket Nagar, Bhopal 462020, India.

3 Assistant Professor, Department of General Medicine, AII India Institute of Medical Science, Saket Nagar, Bhopal 462020, India.

4 Assistant Professor, Department of General Medicine, AII India Institute of Medical<

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DOI: 10.21088/ijcd.2395.6631.11125.4

Abstract

Melioidosis is a serious life threatening infectious disease that is potentially acquired by ingestion, inhalation or inoculation of gram-negative bacillus Burkholderia pseudomallei, found in soil and water in tropical and subtropical regions globally. It have capability to attack on hosts immune system, leading to the development of acute, subacute, or chronic invasive infections and clinical spectrum ranges from subclinical to fulminant septicemia with disseminated abscesses especially in immunocompromised patients like uncontrolled diabetic, CKD, chronic alcoholism. The disease is grossly under reported in our country, most probably due to lack of awareness as well as multiple symptoms imitate with other condition, without any specific identifying features. So even if diagnose at times, it is already too late or even after death. Therefore the importance of awareness and knowledge of this disease is of great importance. In centra India aiims Bhopal is recognized centre for diagnosis, and management of melioidosis, we diagnosed more than 100 cases in last 3 years. It presents with various clinical presentations like pneumonia, pyrexia of unknown origin, prostatic melioidosis, cutaneous melioidosis, neurologic melioidosis, septic arthritis and osteomyelitis. It is a great mimicker of tuberculosis of any organ. The blood or abscess fluid culture continues is keystone of diagnosis. Prolong Intravenous therapy for 4 weeks (from 2 to 8 weeks) or until culture conversion followed by extended oral eradication therapy is essential to prevent relapse. The overall mortality is very high due to delays in diagnosis and appropriate treatment, predominantly in resource-poor areas. Here, we are reporting eight cases of melioidosis from Madhya Predesh, all were treated successfully with intravenous meropenem followed by oral doxycycline and cotrimoxazole.


Keywords : • Melioidosis • Burkholderia Pseudomallei • Bioterrorism • Lack of Awareness.
Corresponding Author : Seema P Mahant