Indian Journal of Anatomy

Mononeuropathy in children and adolescents may be due to post-infectious, infectious, metabolic-endocrine, injuries, pressure from outside or at compression sites. Otherwise it may be idiopathic. We describe here- in an adolescent girl with history of substance abuse who presented with  pressure induced mononeuropathy of distal sciatic nerve about 6 months after her deaddiction
and rehabilitation. This followed her being in a friendly gathering at one of her friends' house  where she spent 2 hours in cross-legged posture. She had an acute onset left sided foot drop  immediately after standing up from the prolonged cross-legged posture with inability to raise  her forefoot and numbness over whole leg and foot with inability to stand without support.  Electrodiagnostic study of her lower limbs revealed axonal motor and sensory neuropathy of  peroneal (fibular) and tibial nerves. She was treated conservatively with physical therapy and avoiding sitting cross-legged posture and a short course of steroid. She showed improvement  in 3 wks. Her follow up has been satisfactory so far.   

A Study of cirrhotic liver associated with extra hepatic vasculogenesis and splenomegaly in   Cadavers: with Clinical Correlation.
Background: Cirrhosis is a consequence of chronic liver damage and inflammation and  it is characterised by diffuse hepatic fibrosis and normal liver structures being replaced by  regenerative liver nodules.7 Liver fibrosis in advanced states is critically important in the increased resistance, which leads into portal hypertension and splenomegaly. Aims and Objectives: To observe the prevalence of cirrhotic liver in south Indian population. To observe the association of cirrhotic liver with extra hepatic vasculogenesis and
splenomegaly. Materials and Methods: Observational descriptive study. 30 adult human embalmed  cadavers were used for the study. Results and Conclusion: Out of 30 cadavers one cadaver showed morphological changes of cirrhotic liver associated with splenomegaly. Prevalence of cirrhotic liver was 0.03%.
 

Diabetes and malnutrition is very common in population. Further its chances increases  during pregnancy. When pregnant women suffer by these condition,their fetus also affected.  Diabetes and malnutrition affects women’s body so placenta which is formed during pregnancy  affect and consequently morphological structure and function of placenta (transfer of nutrition  and gaseous exchange) affect. Maternal blood circulation also affected, hyperglycemia occurs   in diabetes and hypoprotenimia in malnutrition. So fetus suffer and consequently newborn  baby born with some minor (macrosomia in diabetes and low birth weight in malnutrition) or  major (diabetes and protein-energy malnutrition syndrome respectively) pathology.
 

Introduction and Objectives: Sternum, looks like a sword which is the important bone forms   the skeletal framework of the chest and it is the main protective bone of vital organs. The  purpose of the study is to view the presence of foramen, shape, location, number of sternal foramen.  Materials and Method: A total of 35 dried sternum were obtained from the department  of anatomy Shri Sathya Sai Medical College and Research Institute. The broken bone and  the sternum with the degenerative changes is excluded from this study. The photos were documented.  Results: Out of 33 bones, one double foramen noticed at the body of the sternum and the
xiphoid process and four single foramen is noticed at the body of the sternum and the Xiphoid   process and body of the sternum. The foramen shape shows elliptical and round.  Conclusions: The anatomical knowledge of features and variations of sternum be important  for the clinician and radiologists for proper interpretation.
 

Objectives: The purpose of the current study was to ascertain the knowledge, attitudes, and   behaviors of first-year medical students at Subbaiah Institute of Medical Sciences regarding  communication abilities. Methods: The Subbaiah Institute of Medical Sciences’ first-year medical students participated  in the study. These students study the fundamental scientific courses in an integrated,  competency-based curriculum while enrolled in the preclinical part of their program. Recorded  were the respondents’ age, gender, and occupation as well as the parents’ jobs, the school’s  medium of instruction, their attitude towards communication skills, and their self-evaluation of their communication skills. Appropriate statistical tests (p<0.05) were used to examine the
association between the positive and negative attitudes and these variables. Results: A total of 119 students participated in the study; 27(22.7%) were male, and 92(77.3%)  are female. 64(53.8%) were government funded and 55(46.2%) were self-funded. The median  positive attitude score was 26±12.4. The mean negative attitude scale score was 35±12.2. A  highly significant association was noted with attitude towards communication skills (p<0.000). Conclusions: Communication skills training should be modified and strengthened. Regular  workshops, and training session on communication skills should be part of ongoing professional
development for all the medical students.