International Journal of Forensic Science

Bestiality or animal sexual abuse (ASA) is a type of unnatural sexual offense in which animals are used as a medium for satisfying sexual desire without developing any kind of emotional bonding. With the development of the DNA fingerprinting methods (restriction fragment length polymorphism), Dr. Alec Jeffreys provided the first molecular genetic tools to genetically differentiate between humans in the late 20th century, which initiated the replacement of protein-based methods in forensic testing and has revolutionized forensic investigations and it became a very important tool in criminal cases as well as civil cases. DNA profiling is golden technology in the investigation of rape cases as well as bestiality. In this case, a video had become viral in which a person was wearing a white shirt, he was having unnatural sex with a red color cow. During the police investigation, on the basis of viral video and thread, the police reached the suspect and the suspect accepted all his crimes in front of the police. The forensic samples (Vaginal swab of cow, underwear of suspect) and reference sample (blood sample of the suspect on FTA card) related to the case were received. Human semen was detected on the vaginal swab of the cow and the underwear of the suspect. After DNA examination, the same male DNA profile was obtained from the reference blood sample of the suspect and underwear of the suspect which is matching with the male DNA profile obtained from the source of the vaginal mucous swab of Cow

Organophosphates are the most common pesticides being utilized all over the world. These compounds are toxic which can easily penetrate the water table and other drinking sources during application in crop fields. Since using some drinking water accumulating an amount of toxins of raised value than the standard level, causes unwanted effects on health of human beings. This experiment aimed to investigate the effectiveness of removal of Malathion from water by technique of ultraviolet irradiation (UV) medium pressure and with a Mercury lamp. Methods: In this investigation, variants of initial pH and primary concentrations and exposure times were observed. Initial concentrations of Malathion were 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/l. The samples aliquots were then exposed to UV irradiation irregularly with the time periods of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 minutes. The UV average pressure (irradiation intensity = 200 W/m2) lamp were applied in the reactor to conclude the quantity of Malathion prior and after the irradiation by HPLC instrument. In addition, the results obtained from the research were analysed using SPSS software and ANOVA and t-test statistical trials. Results: The least concentration dropped off took place at 10 min (46%) and the highestdecrease in 60 min (87.25%) (P<0.05)furthermore, the effectiveness of irradiation procedure is inversely proportional to the concentration of pesticide (P< 0.001). Nonetheless, the efficiency of the methodrises with increase in pH. Conclusion: The result data exhibits the most efficacies were achieved at pH= 9, at 60 min and 0.5 mg/l subsequently the application of UV reactors could be considered as asuitable method.

A forensic analyst routinely encounters variety of challenging samples- biological and non-biological at the crime
scene. Deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA) extraction and its profiling are used in forensic science for establishing origin
of biological fluids found at the crime scene. In many of the biological fluids samples DNA is highly degraded. This
degraded fragmented DNA leads to poor amplification of large sized short tandem repeats (STR) loci. To get DNA
profile from these challenged forensic samples, mini-STR analysis is considered useful. In mini-STRs, primers are
located close to the repeat regions; hence shorter amplicons are generated by PCR. This improves PCR efficiency
and provides better DNA profiles.
This study reports the results of individually amplified five short tandem repeats (STRs) of Lipoprotein lipase
gene, Tyrosine hydroxylase gene, Thyroid peroxidase gene, Hypoxanthine phosphor ribosyl transferase and D5
(LPL, TH01, TPOX, HPRT and D5S818) loci as well as that of all five loci amplified together on gel. Importantstrictures
in the construction of miniplex are discussed in details. ABI 3100 Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems) results for
three loci (LPL, TH01 and TPOX) are also discussed.
A meaningful DNA profile can be obtained from degraded biological samples by using mini-STRs or miniplexes.
Mini-STRs using 3 to 5 loci multiplexed together were increasingly useful in the analysis of fragmented DNA.