Ophthalmology and Allied Sciences

Aims: To assess the prognosis in eyes having Mature cataract by Conventional Macular Function tests and B- Scan Ultrasonography, to analyses the utility of both in Mature cataract and to compare the post-operative status in relation to results of both. Design, Methods and Material: A hospital-based Cross-sectional study was conducted on 177 patients with mature cataract from July 2018 to August 2019 in a Tertiary care hospital in South Gujarat. The Conventional macular function tests likePupillary light reaction, Projection of light and Perception of rays, Color vision test, Maddox rod tests, Two-point discrimination test and B Scan were performed. Statistical analysis used: Data collected and put in excel sheet and were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 16.0 software. For the descriptive analysis, the mean, standard deviation, and percentage were used. The chi-square test applied for the comparative analysis. A p value < 0.05 was considered be statistically significant. Results: Age range was 25 to 90 years with mean age of 58 years. 75 patients were male and 102 females. Pupillary light response was normal in majority of cases. Color vision was normal in all the patients. Binocular Maddox rod test revealed red spot in 63.3%, polyopia in 28.2%, and white spot in 8.5% patients. Majority of the patients with abnormal B Scan had white spot response on Maddox rod test. In hyper mature cataract, majority of the patients were not able to discriminate or had short discrimination distance.Most of the patients with abnormal B scan findings were not able to discriminate. B Scan ultrasonography was normal in 61.2% patients. 34.4% patients had Vitreous detachment,vitreous haemorrhage seen in 1.7%, posterior staphyloma in 1.7%, 0.50% had retinal detachment and 0.50% had vitreous haemorrhage with Retinal detachment. Conclusion: Conventional macular function tests were altered when there was an evident posterior segment abnormality seen on B Scan. So, in setup where B Scan Ultrasonography is not available, the conventional macular function tests do help in cases of mature cataract. Keywords: Mature cataract; Conventional macular function tests; B-Scan Ultrasonography.

Purpose: This current study was done to find out the prevalence and severity of dry eyes in patients of type 2 diabetes and also to study the association of dry eyes with the stages of diabetic retinopathy. Methods: This is a hospital based prospective cross sectional observational study involving 382 patients attending the ophthalmology OPD and in-patient department at R L Jalappa Hospital attached to Sri Devaraj Urs Medical college, Tamaka, Kolar from December 2017 to May 2019. Results: In the present study majority of the patients (58.6%) were males. Most of the patients (30.8%) were aged more than 66 years with 46% of patients had duration of diabetes for more than five years The results of the present study showed 35.3% prevalence of dry eye syndrome among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Among 135 patients with dry eye 79.2% had dry eye severity of grade 1 or 2 who were classified according to DEWS I criteria. Conclusion: Dry eye syndrome in patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus was significantly associated with increasing age and longer duration. Also there was significant association of diabetic retinopathy noted with dry eye disease severity. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; Dry eye disease; Diabetic retinopathy; Schirmer’s test; Tear film break up time; Dry Eye Workshop 1(DEWS 1).

Aims and Objectives: The present study was conducted to compare the success rate of external and endonasal endoscopic dacryocxystorhinostomy (DCR) for acquired nasolacrimal duct (NLD) obstruction. Material and Methods: It was a prospective study performed in the department of Ophthalmology and department of otorhinoloaryngology at Ananta Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajsamand, Rajasthan during the period of 4 years from February 2016 to February 2020. A total of 120 patients with the clinical diagnosis of chronic dacryocystitis and nasolocrimal duct obstruction were included in the study. 40 patients underwent external DCR and 80 patients underwent endonasal DCR. Results: Total 120 patients were included in the study out of which 104 (86.66%) were female and 16 (13.33%) were male. The age of the patients ranges from 20 years to 70 years with the mean age of 52.5 years. Postoperative anatomical patency of NLD was achieved in 95% in external DCR group and 93.75% in Endonasal DCR group. Long term anatomical patency of NLD and symptom relief (assessed 6 months after surgery) was achieved in 87.5% patients in external DCR group and 86.25% patients in endonasal DCR group. The total incidence of complications in external and endonasal DCR group was 12.5% and 10% respectively. Conclusion: Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) is the treatment of choice for nasolacrimal duct obstruction and can be done by external or endonasal endoscopic approach. Both the procedures have similar results with minimal complications. Keywords: chronic dacryocystitis; Nasolacrimal duct; Endonasal, Lacrimal sac; Dacryocystorhinostomy.

Introduction: Cataract is one of the common causes for preventable blindness amongst adults in India. Presenile cataract is cataract occurring before age of 55 years. Objective: To assess risk factors present in patients with presenile cataract. Materials and Method: Study was conducted amongst patients attending tertiary care hospital at Amreli. Duration of study was May 2020 to October 2020. Eligible patients with presenile cataract who gave consent were included in the study. A total of 150 participants aged 18 to 55 years were included in th study. Confirmed presenile cataract cases were interviewed for questions related to risk factors. Result: Out of 150 study participants, 80% had atleast one possible risk factors present. Top 5 most common risk factors present amongst participants in the present study were tobacco consumption 34 (22.7%), followed by obesity 14 (9.3%), diabetes 13 (8.7%), auto-immune disorder 10 (6.7%) and thyroid disorder 7 (4.7%). Most participants had unilateral cataract (104; 69.3%) while posterior sub-capsular cataract (66; 44.0%) was most common variety of cataract followed by combined cataract type (42; 28%) found amongst the participants. Conclusion: Four out of every five study participants with presenile cataract had some form of possible risk factor present. Presence of possible risk factor may increase incidence of presenile cataract. Keywords: Myopia; Non Communicable disease; Presenile cataract; Tobacco.