Peer review is the process of sending manuscripts to impartial experts who evaluate their quality and scientific integrity before publication. The exact process of peer review varies depending on publisher and journal, but generally falls into one of the following three categories:

Single anonymous (formerly known as single blind): the author's identity is known to the reviewer, but the reviewer is anonymous

Double anonymous (formerly known as double blind): both the author and the reviewer's identity are kept away from each other

Open peer review: the author's and the reviewer's identity is revealed, and the reviewer's comments and responses are available to the public

There is a fourth model, known as post-public peer review, in which peer review takes place after publication. This is often done in addition to traditional peer review before publication, aimed at providing a broader research forum for discussion of published articles and to provide a platform for authors to comment on their work.

Updated 09 December 2024