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Hyperpara Thyroidism and its Management

S.P. Subashini, Dean, School of Nursing, Galgotia University, Greater Noida 201306, Uttar Pradesh, India. , Simrat Kaur1 , S.P. Subashini2 , Pooja Jain3

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Journal of ENT and Allied Sciences 8(1):p 9-12, . | DOI: N/A
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Simrat Kaur, S.P. Subashini, Pooja Jain/Hyperpara Thyroidism and its Management/RFP J ENT Allied Sci 2023;8(1):9–12.
 

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Abstract

Hyperparathyroidism is an increase in parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in the blood. This occurs from a disorder either within the parathyroid glands (primary hyperparathyroidism) or as response to external stimuli (secondary hyperparathyroidism). Symptoms of hyperparathyroidism are caused by inappropriately normal or elevated blood calcium leaving the bones and flowing into the blood stream in response to increased production of parathyroid hormone. In healthy people, when blood calcium levels are high, parathyroid hormone levels should be low. With long-standing hyperparathyroidism, the most common symptom is kidney stones. Other symptoms may include bone pain, weakness, depression, confusion, and increased urination. Both primary and secondary may result in osteoporosis (weakening of the bones). In 80% of cases, primary hyperparathyroidism is due to a single benign tumor known as a parathyroid adenoma. Most of the remainder are due to several of these adenomas. Very rarely it may be due to parathyroid cancer. Secondary hyperparathyroidism typically occurs due to vitamin D deficiency, chronic kidney disease, or other causes of low blood calcium. The diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism is made by finding elevated calcium and PTH in the blood.

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  • S.P. Subashini, Dean, School of Nursing, Galgotia University, Greater Noida 201306, Uttar Pradesh, India.
    ,
  • Simrat Kaur1
    ,
  • S.P. Subashini2
    ,
  • Pooja Jain3
    ,
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Simrat Kaur, S.P. Subashini, Pooja Jain/Hyperpara Thyroidism and its Management/RFP J ENT Allied Sci 2023;8(1):9–12.
 

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Keywords Vitamin D; Osteoporosis; Parathoromone; Renal Rickets.

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