Gastroenterology International

Rare causes of intestinal obstruction include intussusception, volvulus, knotting and internal herniations. This 
is an elderly female patient presented to us on 7th day of intestinal obstruction with only abdominal distension and 
vomiting and no peritonitis. This is found to be an ileoileal knotting without adhesions or loaded mass. Ileoileal 
knotting is a rare condition and ileosigmoid is more common. We are presenting the radiological findings and per 
operative findings of this case because of its rarity.

Plasmodium falciparum is a unicellular protozoan parasite of humans, and the deadliest species of Plasmodium 
that causes malaria in humans. The parasite is transmitted through the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito and 
causes the disease's most dangerous form, falciparum malaria. It is responsible for around 50% of all malaria cases 
P. falciparum is therefore regarded as the deadliest parasite in humans.
As of the World Health Organization World Malaria Report 2021, there were 241 million cases of malaria 
worldwide in 2020, resulting in an estimated 627,000 deaths. Nearly all malarial deaths are caused by P. falciparum, 
and 95% of such cases occur in Africa. Children under five years of age are most affected, accounting for 80% of the 
total deaths. In Sub-Saharan Africa, almost 100% of cases were due to P. falciparum, whereas in most other malarial 
countries, other, less virulent plasmodial species predominate.

Acute abdomen is an emergency condition that warrants urgent attention and stabilisation. The varied a etiology 
causes acute abdomen viz., an infection, inflammation as well as other a etiology. The patient will usually present 
with sudden severe onset of abdominal pain with associated nausea or vomiting. The approach to a patient with 
an acute abdomen should include a through history physical examination limited investigation as per the centre 
permits. But in case of if you are sitting at the periphery and need the urgent investigation and not available then 
you need something to help you out a score which is desirable and acceptable. 
In case of acute abdomen, location of pain is critical as it may signal a localized process. The similar score has 
been discussed here, which has the high significant ratio to diagnose the disease. Thomash Alvarado score of 5 or 
6 is compatible with the diagnosis of AA, a score of 7 or 8 indicates amight have appendicitis, a score of 9 or 10 
indicates a more confirmed appendicitis. These kind of score such as Thomash Alvarado Score, which help you 
out to reach the diagnosis approximate accuracy when the advanced investigations not available and out of reach. 
The combination of laboratory, examination and history all together help to reach the diagnosis.

Pressure ulcers are the common problem in the bed ridden and Intensive care patients in any hospitals. In initial 
stages, if proper prophylaxis and attention not paid it may progress to deep ulcers. Pressure ulcers are difficult to 
treat, various regenerative methods of pressure ulcers will be described in this article.