Indian Journal of Agriculture Business

This a review of the early literature demonstrating the adequacy of pollination by local bee populations before intensive and extensive agricultural practices. Although not always the best pollinators, honey bees were used in crops when populations of other bees crashed. Publications on managing and conserving pollen bees are included because interest in sustainable agriculture and biodiversity of bees and host plants is increasing.

The community media is the media that gives the communities a voice, provides the communities with information on issues that they are interested to know. It is the media that discusses community issues using examples that are familiar to the general local community. Hence, it is the media that provides “spaces for people to discuss and debate issues” that their community is interested. Past researches revealed that before development of any kind of community programme need assessment is necessary. Present paper aim is to discuss the importance of need assessment for the development of community programme.

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different unconventional thawing procedure practised in field for artificial insemination in goat. 10 healthy Barbari bucks routinely used for the semen collection at frozen goat semen production station were selected for the experiment. 15 cryopreserved semen doses (French mini, 0.25ml capacity) of each individual buck from single ejaculate were selected. Frozen semen doses from individual buck were divided into five different group each with three straws. The straws which were frozen thawed using thawing unit were marked as positive control (C) while the straws of other respective group were frozen thawed using different thawing procedure practiced in field viz. pocket, underarm, palm and in water maintained at 37°C using thermometer. All the 3 frozen thaw straws of each group using different thawing process and later evaluated for semen quality. Significantly higher values for vitality, mitochondrial activity, motility and path velocity were observed in ideal thawing followed by thawing in water maintained at 37°C using thermometer, underarm, pocket and palm thawing. A significantly lower values for ROS+ve spermatozoa and those with the acrosomal damage were observed in ideal thawing followed by other thawing procedures. It may be concluded that thawing unit is ideal for thawing but under unavailability of thawing unit thawing procedure should be followed in water maintained at 37°C using thermometer.