Indian Journal of Anatomy

Background: Knowledge of anatomical variations is required for the proper diagnostic and surgical purposes. Variations in the number of lobes, fissures and pattern of division of lobes are common in lungs. In some cases fissures may be incomplete or absent. This article is a case report of unusual lobe in the right lung. The accessory lobe was named as Wrisberg’s lobe, who describes the lobe firstly. Stoloff in 1929 published a report of 5 cases. The shadow found in chest X – rays in early ages raises the question of extra lobe. Although the azygos lobe is a rare anomaly its radiological appearance has been well defined. Presence of extra lobe of lung would not be always detectable in radiological appearance. An azygos lobe may be confused with a pathological air space such as a bulla or abscess [1,2]. In addition, the abnormally located azygos vein may be mistaken for a pulmonary nodule, while a consolidated azygos lobe may be confused with a mass. The detection of this anomaly and its interpretation of its anatomical features are interesting not only to anatomists but also helpful to pathologists and surgeons. The size and shape of the lobe varies considerably. This study aims to review some literatures about the accessory lobe and the clinical conditions which may cause. Present variation was found in a routine dissection in the department of anatomy. The anomalous lung was removed and studied. The embryological and clinical aspect of the case was discussed. Variations of lung anatomy are important for both the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases involving all the domains of medicine. The lobe, may however, be the seat of pathology localized in the lobe itself and subject to the same influences as other purely lobar conditions. The azygos fissure may be the site of pleurisy or exudates.

Key words: Azygos Lobe; Azygos Fissure; Right Lung. 

Lingual thyroid is a rare embryological aberration , consisting of thyroid tissue tumor mass located at the base of the tongue causing mostly local symptoms. Present case is a young female presented with swelling on back side of the tongue having dysphagia & foreign body sensation in throat. oral examination showed- a semispherical reddish tumor-like lesion with a vegetating surface.The diagnosis was based on the clinical features, FNAC (Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology) & radiographic imaging studies . Treatment includes surgical removal, transplantation, I-131, and thyroid replacement.

Keyward - Lingual Thyroid; NCCT; Dysphagia; 99mTc-Pertechnatate Thyroid Scan.

Child development from conception through the birth and especially till first few years of life is marked by many milestone continuous changes. Tooth eruption follows a chronology corresponding to the date when a particular tooth erupts into the oral cavity. Teeth erupting at birth are quite rare and are referred to as natal teeth. Natal teeth may be associated with many etiologies like genetic, heredity, environmental and endocrinal or can be a part of syndromes. We are reporting here an unusual case of natal teeth without any congenital abnormality. Epidemiological, etiological, and therapeutical aspects of this developmental disturbance of teeth eruption is reviewed in order to establish guidelines for the dentist and neonatologist to manage this problem with minimal damage to the future teeth and the psychological aspects in relation to family of patient.

Key words: Natal Teeth; Eruption; Endocrinology.

Advances in technology have gone far beyond what was possible with cadaveric material. Virtual surgery can be carried out so that surgeons can practice new techniques and see the outcome before bringing it to the patient. Anatomy teaching has progressed with the use of 3D technology to new heights. However, it is time to introspect. These techniques are very cost intensive in the short term. Are they worth it long term? What implications do they have for us as anatomy teachers? In this paper we review the experiences of teachers using 3D methods over past few years. Various methods have been utilized; 3D graphic models, 3D Arthroscopy, 3D ultrasound, 3D videography , webbased 3D platform etc. The objective results seem to be equivocal when the results are considered en solatario. However, when considered en toto are very clear. 3D Anatomy has a definite place as teaching technology in the teacher’s arsenal, along with other techniques including CHALKBOARD. But in all these articles the subjective report by the students has been indicate that teaching-learning experience is more satisfactory using technology. We teachers have to accept the challenge so that we do not fall behind the technological and also we do not swept aside by younger persons in technical fields.

Key words: Medical Education; Computer Aided Teaching; Virtual Body; 3D Reconstruction. 

The study is conducted for application of multimedia design principle as a cost effective tool for must know cardiac muscle knowledge. First MBBS Students- two groups of 20, theory lecture for group A and theory lecture with animations for group B. In MCQ of 90% of Group B shows good to excellent performance; 65% of Group A gave good to excellent performance. The student’s feedback shows that lecture with the animations received good and excellent remarks. The role of teacher as a source of knowledge and role model cannot be replaced by technology. Whereas Application of multimedia design principle in learning is useful for improvement in understanding, reviewing and self-study.

Keywords: Animations; Learning; Multimedia.

Aim: The study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the placental thickness, as a parameter for estimating gestational age of the fetus. Materials & Methods : This study consists of 100 pregnant females, between 13th to 39th weeks gestation with their age ranging from 18 -35 years, attending antenatal clinic at the department of Obstetrics and gynecology, Pt.J.N.M. Medical College & Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Memorial Hospital Raipur (C.G.) from October 2008 to august 2009. USG was done by using Gray scale real time( LOGIQ 400) machine employing a 3.5 MHz convex transducer. After estimating the fetal age by BPD, HC, AC, and FL the placental thickness (PT) was measured perpendicular to the basal and chorionic plates, in the mid portion of the placenta at the level of insertion of umbilical cord. esults: It was observed that the placental thickness gradually increased from 16 mm at 15 weeks of gestation to 37 mm at 39 weeks. From 23rdweek to the 34th of gestation the placental thickness coincide almost exactly with the gestational age in weeks. Conclusion: To conclude, the measurement of the placental thickness is an important parameter for estimation of fetal age along with other parameters especially in the late mid trimester and early third trimester, where the exact duration of pregnancy is not known. 

Introduction: Various aspects of lumbar vertebrae have been studied in the past and much of work has been done on morphometry of lumbar vertebrae and spinal canal. The size and shape of the spinal canal is important in relation to occurrence of symptoms of cord or root compression, especially when spondylatic changes supervene. Methods: For the present study forty complete known sets of lumbar vertebrae (25 sets of males and 15 sets of females) were collected from anatomy department of various medical colleges in Maharashtra region. Results: The parameters taken were transverse diameter of spinal canal and that of vertebral body. With the help of these parameters canal body ratio was calculated. The mean transverse diameter of spinal canal and vertebral body showed increase from L1 to L5 in both sexes. The canal body ratio ranged between 0.53 mm to 0.59 mm in females. The mean canal body ratio was about 0.6 mm at L1, L2 and L5 and about 0.5 mm at L3 and L4 in both sexes. The ratio between transverse diameter of spinal canal and vertebral body does not seem to be constant at all lumbar levels in both sexes. The parameters showed statistically significant difference in their mean values for males and females indicating sexual dimorphism. Conclusion: The present study showed regional variations in dimensions of lumbar vertebrae thus emphasizing the need to determine the normal ranges of values for different populations. These figures could help in forensic medicine because of observed racial and regional variations.