Indian Journal of Medical and Health Sciences

Objective: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifactorial degenerative disease characterized by a range of morphological and biochemical alterations to the joint capsule and synovial membrane, as well as bone hypertrophy and articular cartilage loss at the margins. Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common causes of impairment in adults. This review aims to determine whether knee osteoarthritis and the state of cardiorespiratory health are correlated. Reviewing the relationship between knee osteoarthritis (OA) and cardiorespiratory health status is important because OA’s systemic effects are becoming more well-acknowledged. To improve quality of life and lessen the strain on healthcare systems, comprehensive management strategies that address not only joint health but also an individual’s total cardiovascular and respiratory well-being must take this relationship into account. Study design: Research articles were retrieved for this systematic review from reliable academic search engines such as Google Scholar, IEEE Xplore, Springer, and Elsevier. To obtain answers to the research questions, appropriate keywords are utilized in the literature search from reputable sources, such as Web of Science (WOS), and Scopus. The current study includes 80 papers. They underwent an extensive evaluation using the Prisma methodology for systematic review. Result and conclusion: Given that there is a favourable link between knee osteoarthritis (OA) and cardiorespiratory health status, this review has the potential to revolutionize the management of OA by promoting a more exhaustive treatment approach. Cardiorespiratory fitness assessments may be incorporated by medical professionals into standard OA treatment, resulting in specific therapies that promote cardiovascular and joint health. This may lead to increased cardiovascular health, increased mobility, and better overall patient outcomes, which would eventually save healthcare expenses and raise the standard of living for those who have osteoarthritis.

Introduction: In India, rodenticide poisoning poses a serious threat to public health due to its high rate of morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to assess rodenticide poisoning’s clinical characteristics, laboratory results, and outcomes at an Indian tertiary care facility. Material and Methods: 50 patients with rodenticide poisoning who were hospitalized to a tertiary care facility in India for a period of one and a half years participated in a prospective observational research. Results were assessed in connection to the type of rodenticide consumed, and clinical symptoms, indicators, and laboratory parameter evaluations were conducted. Results: In our investigation, the prevalence of rodenticide poisoning throughout the study period was 6.7%. The bulk of the people (58.00%) are under the age of twenty decades. Vomiting (38%) and abdominal discomfort (22%) were the most common symptoms. Clinically, icterus was the most prevalent sign (38%) of all. Symptoms (p=0.043), signs (p=0.040), rodenticide kind (p=0.003), amount of rodenticide consumed (0.038), and metabolic acidosis presence (p=0.001) were all significantly correlated with survival status. Patients who passed away had considerably worse liver function tests, coagulation profiles, and renal functions than those who survived (p<0.05). There was a 12% overall mortality rate. Conclusion: Young adults are the age group most affected by rodenticide poisoning, which is linked to considerable morbidity and mortality. Improving patient outcomes requires early detection, timely treatment, and careful observation.In environments with limited resources, the findings of this study can direct the creation of evidence-based management plans and preventative actions for rodenticide poisoning.

Maternal health among tribal women in India faces significant challenges, including high maternal and infant mortality rates, malnutrition, anemia, and inadequate healthcare access. This study examines the factors contributing to these health disparities, focusing on the experiences of tribal communities in regions such as Chhattisgarh, Odisha, and Madhya Pradesh. The introduction highlights that unhygienic childbirth practices, poverty, and limited healthcare services are major contributors to maternal health issues. Methodologically, the study utilizes secondary data from previous research, including health surveys and case studies, to identify trends in maternal health and nutrition within tribal populations. The study aims to assess the nutritional status and healthcare practices of tribal women, with objectives to identify factors leading to high maternal mortality and morbidity, and to explore regional differences in health outcomes. The findings reveal that a substantial proportion of tribal women suffer from anemia, malnutrition, and inadequate antenatal care. For instance, in regions such as Chhattisgarh, maternal mortality rates are elevated among both first-time and multiparous mothers, with factors such as low socioeconomic status, illiteracy, and traditional childbirth practices being key contributors. Anemia, particularly chronic energy deficiency, is prevalent across many tribal areas, with significant variations in nutritional status between regions. In conclusion, the study highlights the urgent need for targeted health interventions to improve maternal health outcomes among tribal women. Strategies such as enhanced healthcare access, education, and nutritional support are essential to address these disparities and reduce maternal and infant mortality rates in tribal communities.

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge, causing substantial morbidity and mortality, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Despite global efforts to control and eliminate TB, the disease continues to affect millions, with an estimated 10 million new cases and 1.5 million deaths reported in 2019 alone.The burden of TB is further complicated by the increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Material and Method: This study was a prospective, non-interventional and observational study was carried out in the Department of General Medicine at Ballari Medical College and Research Centre, Ballari. The source of data for this study comprised tuberculosis (TB) patients with known diabetes mellitus (DM) and newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus visiting the TB Cell Hospital. Confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis as evidenced by either sputum for Acid-Fast Bacilli (AFB), Cartridge-Based Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (CBNAAT), or radiological investigations. Result: A vast majority of the participants (91.0%, 131 participants) had negative sputum status, while 9.0% (13 participants) did not have their sputum status reported. No participants had positive sputum status at the end of treatment. The p-value of < 0.001 suggests a highly statistically significant difference in sputum status at the end of treatment. The majority of the participants (91.0%, 131 participants) were cured, while 9.0% (13 participants) died. The p-value of 0.006 indicates a statistically significant difference in treatment outcomes. In this study, participants who were cured had lower mean FBS (135.4 ± 33.7 mg/dL), PPBS (206.9 ± 46.8 mg/dL), and median HbA1c (6.5%) at baseline compared to those who were not cured (FBS: 174.9 ± 46.5 mg/dL, PPBS: 252.2 ± 62.9 mg/dL, HbA1c (7.8%, IQR: 7.2 - 8.6%). Conclusion: This study provides valuable insights into the factors influencing treatment outcomes in patients with TB-DM comorbidity and underscores the need for personalized management strategies, routine DM screening, and appropriate treatment modalities to improve outcomes in this vulnerable population. Future research should focus on developing and evaluating targeted interventions to optimize treatment outcomes and reduce mortality in patients with TB-DM comorbidity