Indian Journal of Surgical Nursing

Varicose veins are enlarged, twisted veins commonly found in the legs due to high pressure   from standing. They occur when vein valves fail to prevent blood from flowing backwards.  This study aimed to evaluate a teaching program designed to improve teachers' knowledge on preventing varicose veins. Using a pre-experimental design, 40 teachers were selected through
non-probability purposive sampling and assessed with a self-structured questionnaire before  and after the program. Initial results showed a mean knowledge score of 9.1 (SD 3.65), which   improved to 3.66 (SD 2.73) post-teaching. The t-value was 7.56, indicating significant improvement  (p<0.05). Initially, 45% of teachers had inadequate knowledge, 52.5% had moderate knowledge,
and 2.5% had adequate knowledge. Post-program, only 2.5% had inadequate knowledge, 7.5% had  moderate knowledge, and 90% had adequate knowledge. The study concluded that the teaching program effectively enhanced teachers' knowledge on preventing varicose veins.
 

Mental health determines think, feel and act. Good mental health is when feel and act. Globally,   the majority of those who need mental health care worldwide lack access to high-quality mental   health services. Stigma, human resource shortages, fragmented service delivery models and lack  of research capacity for implementation and policy change contribute to the current mental health
treatment gap. Common mental disorders are responsible for the largest proportion of the global  burden of disease
 

Objectives: To assess impact of liver cirrhosis up on adult patient's physical and social  communication and to find out the relationship between sociodemographic characteristic with  physical and social communication. Methodology: A descriptive study is carried out throughout the present study to physical and social communication for patients with liver cirrhosis who attended the outpatient clinic  department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Teaching Hospital and Baghdad Teaching Hospitals in Baghdad. The study was carried out during the period extended from 28th October  2014 to 15th May, 2015. A purposive (non-probability) sample of (100) patients with liver cirrhosis. Questionnaire form was constructed for purpose of the study and it comprised of three parts. They  include 1 demographic characteristics 2 clinical history for patient and family 3 assessment of  physical and social communication. Content validity of the questionnaire was determine through a  panel of (13) experts. Reliability and validity of questionnaire was determined through test re-test  (r= 0.849**) of pilot study. Data was collected by the researcher who interviewed those patients and  filled out the constructed questionnaire form. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistical     approach (frequency, percentage and mean of score) and inferential statistical approach (standard  deviation and correlation coefficient).
Results: The findings of the paper revealed that( 58%) of the study samples were males, and most  of them were age group (48-57) years old, (83%) from the sample was married, high percentage of them were intermediate graduate (43%), most of them (33%) were Free job, majority of the study samples (60%) from urban residence, and (49%) were parley sufficient of monthly income
classification, highest percentage (50%) had hepatitis B & hepatitis C as past medical history and (48%) of the study sample hadn`t family history for any disease.
 

During the COVID-19 pandemic importance and role of nurses in health care team became   pivotal. Worldwide nurse’s played an important role and had taken active responsibility in caring  patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. During that time they worked in a highly stressed environment with higher expectation. This cross-sectional study was carried out to assess job satisfaction in nurses and its correlation with experience of working in the COVID-19 hospital. In this study total of 210 samples were
selected by purposive sampling technique who met the inclusion criteria in a tertiary care hospital, Uttar Pradesh, India. Data collection were done with demographic profile tool, job satisfaction  survey tool (standardized tool), and likert questionnaire to assess work experience. Reliability  of the JSS was 0.91 and likert scale for work experience reliability was 0.89 calculated by by
internal consistency reliabilities i.e. coefficient alpha. Result showed negative correlation of work  experience and job satisfaction of nurses while working in the COVID-19 hospital showed which   indicated that amongst work experience and job satisfaction. This relationship may or may not be  representing causation between job satisfaction and job experience. Many study supports that they
have average job satisfaction while working during pandemic.This study recommends that it can be carried out in larger sample involving multi hopsitals. 
 

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) greatly very within countries. Low and    middle-income countries (LMICs) and vulnerable communities of high-income countries (HIC)   share disproportionately higher burden.  Objectives: To explore the level of knowledge and attitude of Baghdad university students  concerning risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.  Methodology: A cross-sectional design study utilizing a stratified random sampling method.  Students of all colleges of Baghdad University (BU) in   aghdad city were included. The   respondents were randomly selected from each college. The sample size was 200. Knowledge,
attitude questionnaire was developed and distributed to the respondents involved. The data  collected was analyzed using SPSS version 26.0. Results: The majority of the study were female who accounted for (65.5%) of the total participants   while male constituted (34.5%). Most of the study participants (35%) were ages between 20 and   21 years. Study participants’ distribution in equal forms on colleges twenty-five percent for each   college. 32.5% of the students were first class. Ninety three percent of the students were single and  the remainder was married. Majority (89%) lived in urban areas while the rest (11%) lived in rural
areas. Conclusions: Although more than half of the current study participants had poor knowledge   and postive attitude about CVD, there is not satisfactory. The knowledge of CVD symptoms and  risk factors is below optimal levels regarding risk factors for cardio vascular diseases, as well as results shows overall students have positive attitude toward preventive measurement about risk
factors of cardiovascular needs targeted national campaigns about CVD according to the identified   predictors of CVD to prevent and to alleviate the complications due to CVDs.