International Journal of Pediatric Nursing

 A trachea esophageal fistula (TEF) is a congenital or acquired communication between the trachea and esophagus. TEFs often lead to severe and fatal pulmonary complications. It is a life threatening condition & usually occurs secondary to trauma or invasion of anatomic structures in the mediastinum by neoplasm and foreign bodies. It is uncommon for infants to ingest articles large enough to produce esophageal damage. Failure to diagnose foreign body ingestion at time can allow time for erosion into the wall of the esophagus with subsequent severe to profound injury to the esophagus, the trachea or both. Esophageal impacting of button batteries must be distinguished from impacting of other foreign bodies because of their severe complications. Button batteries represent a low percentage of all foreign bodies swallowed by children and esophageal location is even less frequent. Swallowed button batteries rarely remain in esophagus, Injuries can take place even after few hours; and therefore, endoscopy must be performed as soon as possible. We present a case of battery ingestion in a one-year-old infant resulting in acquired TEF. The history, diagnostic and surgical management was stressed in this case report.

Keywords: Acquired Trachea Esophageal Fistula; Infant; Battery Ingestion; Rigid Broncoscopy.

 Batten disease is extremely rare juvenile inherited disorder but it is the most common of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs). It is fatal disorder that affects the nervous system. After 4 to 6 years of normal development, children with this condition develop progressive vision loss, intellectual and motor disability, behavior and personality changes, speech difficulties, and seizures. Most people with Batten disease die in their teens or early twenties. it can be diagnosed with help of Fluorescent deposits, Visual Evoked Potentials and Electroretinograms, Blood tests, Urine tests, Skin or tissue sampling, Electroencephalogram (EEG), Brain scans, Measurement of enzyme activity and DNA analysis. There is cure for Juvenile Batten disease. Therefore specialist symptom management and therapy is essential to assist in maintaining a good quality of life for children and their families. Holistic support for parents, siblings and wider family members is extremely important throughout their journey.

Keywords: Juvenile Batten Disease; Inherited Disorder; Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses (NCLs).

 In human life growth and development is considered, childhood is a period is considered as golden period. For this golden period most of the time it needs nutrition and sleep. Sleep which maintains the human life in a cycle. So this sleep considered a very important basic need which should be assessed and taken care whenever deviation persists.

Keywords: Sleep; Sleep and Children; Sleep Disorders; Sleep Deprivations.

 A Child Abuse and Neglect Child abuse is more than bruises and broken bones. While physical abuse might be the most visible, other types of abuse, such as emotional abuse and neglect, also leave deep, lasting scars. At least one in four children have experienced child neglect or abuse (including physical, emotional, and sexual) at some point in their lives, and one in seven children experienced abuse or neglect in the last year.The earlier abused children get help, the greater chance they have to heal and break the cycle—rather than perpetuate it. By learning about common signs of abuse and what you can do to intervene, you can make a huge difference in a child’s life.

Keywords: Child Abus; Neglect Child; Emotional Abuse.

 It is observed that suicidal rate is high among adolescence, that too in girls child due to high pressure from academic side and from parents side. The support system available for adolescence are not accessible if they stay in hostel that add their stress level more and complicate their coping mechanism. School-related situations such as tests, grades, studying, self-imposed need to succeed, as well as that induced by others are the main sources of stress for high school students Uncompensated stress leads to depression, anxiety, fear and anger that result in poor academic performance and suicidal risk. Adolescence knows which is stress provoking situations but we believe that the complication of stress is danger that need to be addressed quickly. So it is necessary for adolescent children having awareness about the complications of stress and its preventive measures. The present study investigates the awareness among the adolescent girls staying in hostel regarding complication of stress and prevention of stress. A total of 60 samples were taken by lottery method. Tool consists of two session, demographic variable and structured closed ended question. After ethical clearance and informed concern Post test was conducted after 7 days of STP. Tables and figures were used to describe the data. Thus the difference in the level of awareness was confirmed by Paired‘t’ test value 8.89 which was significant at p< 0.001 level. It shows that the structured-teaching programme was effective and the subjects gained knowledge in complication and prevention of stress.

Keywords: Stress; Complications; Prevention; Adolescence; Structured Teaching Programme.

 Visual impairment is a global public health problem. Children with low vision may suffer from delayed growth and developmental and education problems. The World Health Organization reported that every minute somewhere in the world, a child goes blind. For most of them, there is no curative treatment of the underlying pathology. Vision plays a vital role in a child’s interpretation of the world. Visual impairment has a serious impact on a child’s physical and emotional development. Objectives: The main aim of the study was to assess the Visual Media Usage, Visual Acuity and Visual problems of children and to correlate the impact of visual Media usage with visual acuity. Methods: Descriptive correlational study design, variables studied were Visual Media usage, Visual Acuity and Visual Problem. Results: Correlation indicates that the obtained ‘r’ value was 0.792. It implied that there was a positive correlation between Visual Media usage with Visual Acuity at p<0.001 levels. Conclusion: Children who were high VMU viewers had more visual related and other problems and low visual acuity when compared to children with normal viewing. Fathers those who are well educated and family income is more the availability of visual medias at home endangers children for high usage.

Keywords: Visual Media Usage (VMU); Visual Acuity (VA); Visual Problems; Log MAR Value.

 Objective: To compare the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding complementary feeding among mothers of infants in urban and rural areas of Tirupati. Methodology: The present study was descriptive study. The data was collected from NGO colony and Karakambadi areas of Tirupati, during Feb 2016 to Mar 2016. There were 100 participants including 50 urban mothers whilst for a comparative assessment a group of 50 rural mothers were also selected to meet the purpose of the study. Subjects age range was set between 18 -39 years. The study sample comprised of infant mothers. While inclusion criteria the mothers whose infants are in the age group 6 months to 12 months, were selected as samples. Sample was selected by convenient sampling technique. The data was collected by using Structured questionnaire and information booklet was given. The data was interpreted through SPSS-20. Results: The study findings showed a significant difference between urban and rural mothers of infants in knowledge, attitude and practice regarding complementary feeding. t- value for knowledge was 7.723, attitude 4.913 and practice 0.805. p- value for knowledge and attitude was 0.00 and practice 0.424. There was significant difference in level of knowledge between urban and rural mothers of infants in association with education of mother and occupation of mother were significant at p<0.05 level. Level of attitude was significantly different in association with education of mother, occupation of mother, occupation of father, income, type of family and source of information were significant at p<0.05 level. Differences were also identified in level of practice with age, education of mother, occupation of father, income, type of family, number of children and source of information were significant at p<0.05 level. Conclusion: In conclusion, the knowledge, attitude and practice of mothers of infants regarding complementary feeding in urban areas is more than the rural areas of Tirupati. This study was successful in presenting a better understanding of the issues associated with the early and delayed introduction of solid foods to infants.

Keywords: Mothers of Infants; Complementary Feeding; Malnutrition

 Background: Play is a natural and most easily available out let for children‘s expression of needs and feelings. It is necessary stimulation for optimal development and support for their natural curiosity. Spontaneous play evolves from children’s need for self-expression, mastery in the environment and integration of past and current experiences. Young children play with exhilaration and total enjoyment. A play is important for the children’s physical, psychosocial and intellectual development. Medium of play, children can learn what no one can teach them. They learn about their world and how to deal with this environment of object, time, space, structure, and people. They learn about themselves operating within the environment what they can do, how to relate to things and situations and how to adopt themselves to the child. Objectives: To assess the knowledge and knowledge on practices among mothers of under five children regarding selection of toys. To evaluate the effectiveness of Structured teaching programme on selection of toys among mothers of under five years children. To associate the relationship between demographic variables and knowledge among mothers of under five years children on selection of toys. To associate the relationship between demographic variables and knowledge on practices among mothers of under five years children on selection of toys. Methods: An experimental study involving 50 Mothers of under five children were taken for the study. Pre-experimental research design was adopted for this study.Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. It included data regarding sociodemographic characteristics and questions pertaining to knowledge on selection of toys, and knowledge on practices on selection of toys. Results: Out of 50 mothers of under five children 50% (25) had inadequate knowledge, 32% (16) had moderate knowledge and only 18% (9) had adequate knowledge. With regards to knowledge on practices 26% (13) had inadequate knowledge on practices 64% (32) had moderate knowledge on practices and only 10%(5) had adequate knowledge on practices regarding selection of toys among mothers of under five children in pre-test. Out of 50 mothers of under five children majority 86% (43) had adequate knowledge, 14% (7) had moderate knowledge and none of them had inadequate knowledge. With regards to knowledge on practices majority 68% (34) had adequate knowledge on practices, 32% (16) had moderate knowledge on practices and none of them had inadequate knowledge on practices regarding selection of toys among mothers of under five children in post-test. Conclusion: A majority ofmothers of under five children were having adequate and moderately adequate knowledge, knowledge on practices on selection of toys and demographic variables were statistically significant, hence it can be concluded that, there is an improvement on level of knowledge, and knowledge on practices on selection of toys in posttest.

Keywords: Structured Teaching Programme; Mothers of Under Five Children, Toys.

 The aim of the study is to identify the relationship between parent- teen conflict and emotional intelligence of adolescents. The objectives of the study were to determine the extent of parent-teen conflict among adolescents, to determine the emotional intelligence of adolescents, to identify the relationship between parent- teen conflict and emotional intelligence of adolescents and to find out the association between extent of parent- teen conflict and selected demographic variables. Erik Berne’s transactional analysis principles were used for conceptual frame work of the study. This correlational research study was conducted on 200 adolescents from JDT Islam high School, Calicut. Data were collected from sample after getting necessary permission from the school authorities, consent from parents and assents from subjects. Data were analyzed with SPSS package version 17. Result of the data analysis identified that 46.5% adolescents are free from conflict, 42% have mild conflict, only 10% had moderate conflict and 1.5% had severe conflict with parents. The study concluded that there is significant relationship between parent- teen conflict and emotional intelligence of adolescents (p= 0.001) and also parent- teen conflict had significant association with selected demographic variables like religion (p=008), place of residence (p=.016), type of family (p=0.002), number of children (p=.004) educational status of father (p=.000) and mother (p=.022).

Keywords: Adolescent; Parent-Teen Conflict; Emotional Intelligence.

 The main aim of the study was to assess the knowledge of primary school teachers and effectiveness of computer assisted planned teaching program on health appraisal of school children in selected schools of Dhamtari District, Chhattisgarh. Keeping the objectives of the study in view, the researcher selected one group pretest and post-test pre-experimental design. The study was carried out in a group of 50 primary school teachers from selected schools of Dhamtari Chhattisgarh, selected by non-probability purposive sampling and a selfstructured questionnaire was administered to assess the knowledge of primary school teachers. After pre-test a computer assisted planned teaching program on health appraisal of school children was administered. Data collection was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results of the study revealed that primary school teachers have average knowledge

Keywords: Health Appraisal of School Children; Primary School Teacher