International Journal of Pediatric Nursing

An ectopic ureter is a rare congenital renal anomaly that occurs as a result of abnormal caudal migration of the ureteral bud during its insertion to the urinary bladder [1]. Ectopic ureter is referred as the ureter is not having direct connection with the bladder and also it drains urine outside of the bladder [2,12,13]. In 80% of the ectopic uretercases, associated with a duplex collecting system [3,11]. A 3-year-5month-old girl presented with urinary incontinence from her birth regardless of achieving successful voiding pattern. Cystoscopy and genitoscopy was performed for the child and revealed small capacity of urinary bladder and also ureter opening was not able to identify. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography was done for the child and revealed a very small bladder and is not seen to jointed bytheir dilated ureters inserted in to bladder neck. The present case underwent surgical treatment likeuretericreimplantation of the ectopic ureters back into the bladder, with the partial resolution of the symptoms. The reported case does not represent any other symptoms except leakage or dribbling of urine from the birth. The presented case reminds us that congenital renal anomalyshould be considered even if any child had complaints of urinary incontinence from the birth. The child should be treated immediately.

Keywords: Ectopic ureter; Incontinence; Computed tomography; Child

Congenital Heart Disease is the major cause of death in the first year of life. Although there are more than 35 well recognised cardiac defects, the most common is ventricular septal defect. The article depicts a case study of a 3 ½ month old male child presenting with the signs and symptoms of ventricular septal defect. The importance of History taking, physical assessment, rapid response to findings with time-constrained empirical interventions, the consideration of access to health care, and a holistic approach to treatment of the patient and the family are highlighted.

Keywords: Ventricular septal defect; Failure to thrive

Child Psychology is today a vast concern as children’s today are more advanced with the progressively changing routine in our day today life. Today with the advanced knowledge and intervention many problems can be dealt in its early phase. Previously children’s were not given much importance about what they feel, their desire, themselves being treated as an individual, abnormal childhood behavior etc. which has lead to many psychological problems later in the adulthood. By understanding the “Child Psychology”, its importance and ways to deal with has proved to alleviate many problems of childhood to take its root. This article will tell us about child psychology, its importance, its different branches and various key points to understand it with evidence based reviews.

Keywords: Child Psychology; School Psychology; Education Psychology; Clinical Child Psychology; Developmental Psychology; Emotional Quotient; Reviews

Ebola, the killer virus caused Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) formerly known as Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever (EHF) has mostly affected the underdeveloped countries. The virus family Filoviridae, among that the latest outbreak is Zaire species. The virus is scary, but it’s also rare. You can get it only from direct contact with an infected person’s body fluids. Symptoms may appear anywhere from 2 to 21 days after exposure to Ebola. Diagnostic procedures as Antigen-capture enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) testing, IgM -ELISA, Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Virus isolation used. No approved vaccine or medicine (e.g., antiviral drug) is available for Ebola. Recovery from Ebola depends on good supportive care and the patient’s immune response.

Keywords: Ebola viral disease; Ebola hemorrhagic fever; ELISA; PCR; Antiviral drug

Abstract: Police officers are increasingly called upon to deal with mentally ill or emotionally disturbed individuals, which is a difficult and dangerous task at times. The main aim of the present study was to prepare educational module for police personnel on human rights of people with mental disorders. A descriptive survey approach with non-experimental descriptive correlation design was used to assess the knowledge and attitude of police personals regarding the human rights of people with mental disorders in selected police station at Gujarat. 50 police personnel were selected by using on random convenient sampling technique. Data was collected by using self-administered questionnaire to assess the knowledge and three point Likert scale to assess the attitude. Collected data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results showed that majority 66% of police personnel had moderate knowledge. 61% of the police personnel had favorable attitude. There was significant association between knowledge scores with demographic variables such as gender, educational status, designation, marital status and experience with mentally ill patients and type of family. There is positive correlation (r = + .36) between knowledge and attitude score of police personnel regarding human rights of people with mental disorders.

Keywords: Knowledge and attitude; Police personnel; Human rights; Mentally ill.

Introduction: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is one of the most widely studies neuro-developmental disorders in children. The behavior associated with ADHD may be first observed by teachers and they play a pivotal role in the identification of ADHD. Aim: The aim of this narrative review is to find information on the Knowledge and Classroom Management regarding Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder among Primary School Teachers. Methodology: Types of studies- Cross-sectional study, Descriptive study. Types of participantsPrimary School teachers. Setting- Primary Schools. Outcomes- This narrative review result has appeared that Knowledge and Classroom Management regarding Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder among Primary School Teachers.

Keywords: ADHD: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder; Knowledge; Classroom Management; Primary school children; Primary School Teachers; Primary Schools.

Introduction: Thalassemia is a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders of haemoglobin (Hb) characterized by decline or absent production of globins protein chains. The disorder results in excessive destruction of red blood cells, which leads to anaemia. Nearly 3.9% of Indian population is carrier of thalassemia and the prevalence of thalassemia is more common in south Asian countries. The knowledge and home care management regarding thalassemia is crucial for caregivers and parents. Methodology: the present quantitative study was conducted among 120 parents of thalassemic children at P.B.M. Paediatric Hospital, Bikaner (Rajasthan). The samples were selected by purposive sampling technique. Data collection was done with the help of structured knowledge questionnaire. The study was conducted from August 2017 to December 2017. Results: most of participants (59.16%) were male. Mainly subjects (40%) were belonging to 30–35 years of age group. The mean knowledge score and standard deviation were 24.87 and 6.11 respectively. Only 30 (25%) parents had good knowledge regarding thalassemia and its home care management. The study communicated that poor knowledge and average knowledge regarding thalassemia were 31.66% and 25.83% respectively. There were positive correlations between income of the parents, religion of parents with knowledge. Discussion: thalassemia is passed on through parents who carry the thalassemia gene in their cells. The parents had poor knowledge regarding thalassemia and its home care management. There is a need of sound educational programme for the parents and community to enhance their knowledge and home care management regarding thalassemia. A better home based care of thalassemic children can reduce the disease burden and treatment cost of thalassemia.

Keywords: Thalassemia; Knowledge; Home care management; Parents

Introduction: Tuberculosis is major communicable diseases, scattered thought the world, affected by all age group. World health organization is considered is a major health problem so that it is integrated with other health agencies to provide holistic care. The treatment mainly included early diagnosis and treatment like provide essential drug to tuberculosis patient and also trained health worker or other designated individual provides the prescribed Tb drugs and watch the patient swallow every dose. Some studies shows that 85–90% of patients receiving DOT complete therapy compared to 61% for those who are self-administered therapy. DOTS help patient’s completed TB therapy as soon as possible without unnecessary gaps. The aim of this study is to understand the knowledge and attitude of tuberculosis patient’s regarding DOTS. Method: This study was conducted in DOTS center Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow. Convenient sampling technique was used to recruit 30 samples. Result: The study shows that knowledge score 50 of clients receiving DOTS therapy; that is 50% had inadequate knowledge, 40% had moderate knowledge and 10% had adequate knowledge, similarly shows the attitude scores of clients receiving DOTS therapy; that is 3% had poor attitude, 87% had moderate attitude and 10% had good attitude. Conclusion: The study concluded that tuberculosis patients should change their health attitude and practice towards DOTS. 

Keywords: Knowledge; Attitude; DOTS; Therapy; Center

Introduction: School phobia is when the child is very nervous and refuses to go to school. It is also called school avoidance or school refuse. A phobia is a strong fear of something for no obvious reason. Phobias can cause very bad anxiety or panic attacks. School phobias are common when children start school between 5 to 10 years of age. The title of the study is “Knowledge regarding school phobia and it prevention among mothers of children in selected area kadhgaon road latur.” Objectives: 1) To assess the knowledge regarding school phobia among mothers. 2) Find out the association between knowledge regarding school phobia among mothers and selected demographic variables. 3) Compare the knowledge of mothers pretest and post test school phobia in children and its management and prevention. Methodology: Quazi experimental research design used. Among 30 mothers of children between (5–10 years), using non-probability convenience sampling technique and the data was collected using structured knowledge questionnaire regarding school phobia and it prevention among the mothers. Results: The results revert that majority of mothers age 24 to 26 years 12 (40%); living style is 17 joint family (56%); major education among mothers 15 (50%) primary education and major mother occupation is labor 21 (70%). The pretest knowledge score mean is 1.54 after the structure teaching programme the mean score is increased to 2.87. Hence, Concluding that after structure teaching programme the knowledge level increased.

Keywords: School Phobia; School refuse; truants Pre-scholar; Child of mother.

Background of the study: Renal disease which is most commonly seen in children is nephrotic syndrome. In pediatrics the most common form is primarily minimal change nephrotic syndrome. As this disease is responsible for frequent hospitalization, responsibility of parents & health care professionals is increased. Parents are responsible for overall care of children so it is necessary to have knowledge regarding measures to be taken for providing adequate care to children and strict adherence to therapeutic regimen. They should have some ready reference material to collect proper information and instructions about how to go forward to maintain their child’s health [2,7]. Aims: Effect of an information booklet on knowledge of caregivers regarding care of children with nephrotic syndrome in selected hospitals of Mumbai. Methodology: A descriptive evaluative approach was used. One group pre-test and post-test research design was adopted. A non probability convenience sampling technique was used and 30 sample from selected hospitals of Mumbai were selected. An information booklet was developed and administered. Semi structured questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge of sample and analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Result: Overall improvement in knowledge was increased from 47% in pre test to 80% in post test. For post–test knowledge scores computed SD (standard deviation) was 5.27 and calculated ‘t’ value was 17.37 which proved that information booklet was effective in improvement of knowledge of sample. Conclusion: The findings of the study showed that there was significant improvement in knowledge of caregivers regarding care of children with nephrotic syndrome after administration of information booklet.

Keywords: Effective; Information Booklet; Knowledge; Caregiver; Children; Nephrotic Syndrome.