Journal of Biochemistry and Biophysics

The cholesterol lowering drugs are becoming popular among the society. As the society is suffering from obesity due to disturbed life style and increasing fast food habits. The Coenzyme Q10 also termed as CoQ10 is located in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells. It has the property of solubility in oil and it’s like vitamin. The CoQ10 plays and important role in cellular respiration specifically in electron transport chain. The CoQ10 reactions results into the generation of Adenosine TriPhosphate (ATP). The maximum amount of energy of the body needs generated through this way. The organs having more energy requirements like heart, liver, kidneys have the elevated levels of CoQ10. It is evident that the cholesterol level reducing drugs also critically reduces the CoQ10 . The reduction of the CoQ10 level further shows adverse effects. The biosynthesis of cholesterol and CoQ10 has same point during the pathway. The therapy needs more indepth research. The consideration and recognition of a drug as cholesterol level reducing drug will have more critical trials. The society will be really benefited if the drug is safe and have minimum or no side effects.

Keywords: Adenosine TriphosphateATP; CoEnzyme Q10; Cholesterol Lowering Drugs; Obesity. 

 Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a class of proteins that play important role in protein folding, maintaining homeostasis, and suppressing the aggregation of misfolded proteins. The synthesis of these proteins in the cell is highly regulated, and is induced under various stress conditions that include the pH, temperature, and starvation, UV and chemical exposure and the oxidative stresses; however few Hsps also expresses constitutively. The major classes of HSPs include the HSP60, HSP70 and HSP90 and the small heat shock proteins that ranges from 1240 kDa in size. The small heat shock proteins like Hsps 18 are well known to facilitate the refolding of substrate proteins and maintaining its biological activity, for which this protein has been explored as an efficient delivery system for the vaccines development. This review will discuss various HSPs and their close relatives involved in folding, assembly, regulation, and degradation of other proteins. The review will further highlight the various approaches by virtue of which the Hsps can be employed in therapeutic interventions.

Keywords: Molecular Chaperons; Folding; Therapeutics; Cancer; Stress; Heat Shock Protein.

DNA is a passive molecule and it can not exist on its own in cellular environment. It exist alongwith proteins and their interaction play a pivotal role in various biological processes such as replication, transcription, recombination, and repair etc. and via their interaction they regulate and modulate gene expression. Association of DNAprotein Has an utmost importance in biological processes. There are plethora of biochemical and biophysical techniques to study the interaction of DNAprotein. Present article is an effort to give a glimpse of DNAProtein interaction.

Keywords: DNABinding Proteins; Reporter Assay; DNA Foot Printing; CD; Fluorescence Spectroscopy.

Background: Study of lipid profile in young smokers provides opportunity to explain the physiological consequences of the cigarette smoking activity. Cigarette smoking is the second cause of death in the world. The addictive liability and pharmacological effects of smoking are primarily mediated by the major tobacco alkaloid nicotine. Cigarette smoke may promote atherogenesis by producing oxygenderived free radicals that damage lipids. Cigarette smoking is associated with impaired endotheliumdependent vasodilatation and cardiovascular disease (CVD). As the current report concerns solely to the study of lipid profile in normal healthy controls and smoking male subjects, the results of this study can be correlated with other biochemical, physiological and clinical aspects. Aim: The Aim of our study was to determine and compare lipid profile in smokers and nonsmokers. Method: A Total No. of 100 subjects were selected, out of which 50 were healthy individual and 50 were young smokers less than 35 years of age. The lipid parameter were analyzed using kits on automated biochemistry analyzer. Result: The levels of total cholesterol, Triglyceride, LDLC and VLDLC were significantly higher while the level of HDL was significantly lower in smokers as compared to their levels in non smokers.

Keywords: Lipid Profile; Smokers; NonSmokers. 

The knee osteoarthritis is the most common arthritis in elderly and diagnosed clinically and radiologically. New biomarkers are being tried to diagnose knee osteoarthritis. This work aims to explore the relationship between serum Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein (COMP) and knee osteoarthritis in Indian patients. We recruited 72 elderly patients of knee osteoarthritis (diagnosed according to American College of Rheumatology criteria) and 23 asymptomatic healthy elderly controls from geriatric and medicine OPD. Radiographic severity was determined by K/L grade. The serum COMP level was determined by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis using polyclonal rabbit antibody against COMP. Patients had significantly high level of serum COMP as compared to controls (1.75±.37ng/Ml vs. 0.82±.16ng/mL; p<0.0001). The serum COMP significantly decreased as the duration of disease increased (p<0.0001). Its level was appreciably higher in patients with radiographically proven osteoarthritis (p=0.045). There was no significant difference in the level correlated with gender, body mass index, visual analogue scale, age and laterality of knee osteoarthritis. It was demonstrated that the serum COMP can differentiate between knee osteoarthritis elderly patients and the healthy subjects. It characterizes disease severity and early duration of osteoarthritis.

Keywords: Knee Osteoarthritis; Serum; Surface Plasmon Resonance; Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein; Indian Elderly Population.

Background: Study of Malondialdehyde Uric Acid and Bilirubin smokers provides opportunity to explain the correlation between cigarette smoking activity and oxidative stress. Cigarette smoking is the second cause of death in the world. Cause oxidative stress, which overwhelm natural radical blocking or scavenging mechanisms. Cigarette smoke may promote atherogenesis by producing oxygenderived free radicals that damage lipids. Cigarette smoking is associated with impaired endotheliumdependent vasodilatation and cardiovascular disease (CVD). As the current report concerns solely to the study oxidative stress in smokers, the results of this study can be correlated with other biochemical, physiological and clinical aspects. Aim: The Aim of our study was to determine oxidative stress in smokers by estimation of serum Malondialdehyde , Uric Acid and Bilirubin in smokers as compared to nonsmokers. Method: A Total No. of 100 subjects were selected, out of which 50 were healthy individual and 50 were smokers less than 50 years of age. Uric acid and Bilirubin were analyzed using kits on automated biochemistry analyzer while MDA was estimated spectrophotometrically using Thiobarbituric acid. Result: The levels of Malondialdehyde were significantly higher while the levels of Uric Acid and Bilirubin were significantly lower in smokers as compared to their levels in non smokers.

Keywords: Malondialdehyde Uric Acid and Bilirubin; Smokers; NonSmokers. 

Background: Polycystic Ovarian Sydrome (PCOS) is an intense problem which manifiests later as infertility, obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, endothelial dysfunction & overt diabetes mellitus. PCOS is often associated with abnormalities of other endocrine glands. The study was undertaken to assess hormone levels and lipid profile in polycystic ovarian disease patients and compare it with age & gender matched healthy females. Material and Method: Total 90subjects were enrolled in the present study, out of these 45 were PCOS patients between age group 18 to 30 years, 45 healthy age & sex matched individuals without any evidence of PCOS as per clinical examination was taken as control subjects. Serum Low density lipoprotein – cholesterol (LDLC), High density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDLC) Total cholesterol, Triglycerides (TG), Thyroid stimulating hormone, Total T3 &T4 levels were determined. Results: The results of present study showsthat, women with PCOS have altered lipid & hormone profiles. In current study serum total cholesterol & LDL C were higher while HDLcholesterol was lower as compared with healthy women (p<0.01) The TSH levels were significantly (p<0.001) increased in PCOS patients compared with healthy controls while total T3 & total T4 levels were normal in both groups. Conclusion: In present study, polycystic ovarian patients had subclinical hypothyroidism & this is may be due to unopposed esterogen which stimulates autoimmune reaction like generation of Thyroid peroxidase antibodies. So Analysis of thyroid hormone profile may help in proper treatment. As lipid parameters were associated with the presence of PCOS which mayused for assessment of cardiovascular risk in women with PCOS

Keywords: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome; Thyroid Hormone; Lipid Profile. 

The cross sectional study was performed to find out the prevalannce of sickle cell anemia in tribal population of Thane district; Maharashtra from July 2012 to December 2013. The study was conducted at GMC & Sir JJ group of hospitals; Mumbai. In this study we screened 1524 tribal subjects comprising adult men & women as well as children. Whole blood Samples were collected in EDTA bulb in different camps organized in PHC & RH centres located in tribal region of Thane as well as samples were also transported by health workers from these tribal areas health centres to Biochemistry special investigation laboratory. Samples were analysed by Automated High Perfomance Liquid Chromatography analyser. We found that 11% of tribal population was having sickle cell trait & 0.5% of were suffering from sickle cell disease.

Keywords: Sickle Cell Anemia; HPLC; Tribal Community; Chromatograph.