Journal of Biochemistry and Biophysics

Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a hemoglobin disorder that requires lifelong management and  contributes to infant, childhood as well as adult morbidity and mortality. SCD is a widespread  disease characterized by a variation in the beta-globin gene that results into the production of  aberrant hemoglobin called hemoglobin S. The inheritance of the mutation could be homozygous
or heterozygous combined with another hemoglobin mutation. SCD can be identified by the  presence of dense, sickled cells that grounds for haemolysis of blood cells, chronic anemia, acute   painful occurrence, body part alteration, and in many cases death. Early detection/diagnosis   of SCD can help to reduce the mortality and management of the disease effectively. Millions of
people worldwide are impacted by this prevalent inherited blood disorders, which include sickle   cell disease and its variations. Sickle Cell disease results in a markedly reduced life expectancy,  particularly in India's tribal people. The review study here explain an overview of the inheritance,   severity, pathogenesis, present-day and emergent techniques for SCD detection and highlights the
different national & International programs for the elimination of disease from the population.
 

The present review focuses on the various problems of miners’ health. The health-related issues   discussed in the article were current and burning issues for the public health fraternity. We all must  be aware of the problem well to have solution of the problems of miners’. The rapidly changing  scenario of mining industry the world over and specifically in our country has introduced many
newer health hazards at workplace while the traditional health hazards such as dust, noise etc. in mines are yet to be fully controlled. These hazards will pose new challenges in the field of   occupational health for occupational health professionals as well as mining technologist and will  require comprehensive health surveillance of workers for occupational diseases. However, the
fact remains that despite efforts by the Government of India, due importance is yet to be given by  the mining industry for detection of adverse effect on health of workers. Many cases of notified  diseases as well as other occupational diseases are either not diagnosed or not reported to the
statutory authorities. There is urgent need and scope for improvement in this area.
India has a unique blend of big and small, manual, and mechanized, opencast, and underground
mines. Coal of practically all ranks occurs in India except peat and anthracite. There are about 650
working coal mines which provide direct employment to about 8,00,000 persons. India is largely
self-sufficient in most minerals which include barytes, bauxite, chromite, dolomite, fluorspar,
gypsum, iron ore, kyanite, limestone, manganese ore, magnesite, sillimanite, etc. There are about
8000 metalliferous mines in the country which provide direct employment to about 2,00,000
persons. In addition, there are thousands of small and seasonal mines which are not included in
mine statistics and about which very little information is available. In the oil sector, there are about
50 oil projects excluding offshore installations beyond territorial waters. These oil mines employ
about 55,000 persons.
 

The knowledge of biotechnology is applied in all major areas of human life like medicine,  agriculture, petrochemical, food processing and aromatic manufacturing industry. Medicinal  plants have been grown on this plant since ancient times. With passage of time human beings  developed the technique of extraction of medicines from the medicinal plants. The medically  important components like antioxidants, analgesics, antiviral, antibacterial etc agents are extracted  from medicinal plants through the latest biotechnological techniques and methods. Lipids are in  great demand in biochemical industries and to fulfill this demand biotechnological techniques come into play for extraction of the same. This paper reviews various applicative aspects of
biotechnology through literature review and positive impact of the same on human development
 

The technologies always a plays important role in every field including healthcare, in healthcare
the direct association is with the saving of lives of public. The technology changed our living
standard ways of thinking our behaviour in society since past many decades. The simplicity of
life among Indians is slowly fading away due to more use of technologies in each and every
field. The use of biosensors in many aspect of healthcare changed the diagnosis to an upgraded
mode. The various technologies developed by Department of Health Research meet the objective
of simplification of diagnosis through intervention of technologies in healthcare is achieving by
development of Real Nat (M.TB and Rif) validated for detection of TB/MDR TB, paediatric TB,
Extra pulmonary TB, Protection Engineered Syringes for healing Care in India, Diagnostic Efficacy
of digital Hemoglobinometer (TrueHb), HemoCue and Non-Invasive devices for screening
sufferers for Anemia inside the discipline Settings and standard treatment work flow. The present
review article describes the main uses of various key details of these newly emerging technologies.