Journal of ENT and Allied Sciences

 Maxillary sinus mucocele is an uncommon benign lesion that develops due to retained secretions and presents as an expansile cystic lesion. Patient presents with non-specific symptoms and are mostly due to pressure effects on the orbit or palate causing facial deformity. Etiology is not well established, and it is proposed that they ensue due to obstruction of the ostium by inflammation or previous procedures. De novo origins result in unwanted investigations and delayed diagnosis and treatment. Endoscopic marsupialization of the mucocele, middle meatal antrostomy with maxillary sinus clearance or inferior meatal antrostomy are the surgeries of choice. Here is a case of left maxillary mucocele which had no identifiable cause, and is reported due to its rare incidence and delayed management.

Keywords: Mucocele; Maxillary sinus; Middle meatal antrostomy

 Tobacco is the leading preventable cause of death and more than five million people die globally from the effects of tobacco every year – more than that of HIV/AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis. Tobacco is a serious threat to health and a proven killer and ranks second as a cause of death in the world. We need to sensitise the public, especially youngsters. It should be a collective measure. Both the central and state governments have taken various measures but we need to keep on emphasising and raise the public awareness to control the tobacco consumption. The article emphasises the issue with special reference to Uttarakhand state which has a very high consumption of tobacco.

Keywords: Tobacco; Cessation; Control; Smoking

 Auditory Brain stem Response (ABR audiometry), also known as Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry (BERA), BAER (Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response audiometry), BAEP (Brain Auditory Evoked Potential) was first described by Jewett and Williston in 1971. It is a neuro- physiological test of auditory brainstem function and is an objective way of eliciting brain stem potentials in response to audiological click stimuli. ABR typically uses a click stimulus that generates a response from the hair cells of the cochlea, the signal travels along the auditory pathway from the cochlear nuclear complex to the inferior colliculus in mid brain and generates wave I to wave V. These waves are recorded by electrodes placed over the scalp. Even though ABR provides information regarding auditory function and sensitivity, it is not a substitute for other methods of audiological evaluation. It should be always viewed in conjunction with other audiological investigations.

Keywords: Auditory, Brain stem, Audiometry, Evoked.

 Aims: Thorough knowledge of an Indian nose is vital for performing corrective nasal surgeries. Hence the present study was taken up with the aim to determine nasal columellar show of Tamil ethnic group; and also to statistically analyse gender wise difference in findings. Settings and Design: The present cross-sectional study, approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee, was done on Tamil speaking medical students of Velammal Medical College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu. Methods & Material: 118 Tamil speaking medical students from Velammal Medical College Hospital & Research Institute, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, participated in the study. Consenting Tamil speaking medical students were included. Individuals with noticeable facial disfigurement and with history of previous facial surgery were excluded. Statistical Analysis used: Unpaired t test & Chi-square test. Results: The present study reports Normal Columellar Show as 2-5 mm for males; 1.5-4 mm for females; and 1.5-3.5 mm for the whole group. Conclusion: The present study reports significant difference in male and female columellar show; and Normal columellar show, Excess columellar show, and Insufficient columellar show as 1.5-3.5 mm, greater than 3.5 mm and lesser than 1.5 mm respectively for the study group.

Keywords: Otolaryngology; Nasal Columellar Show; Rhinoplasty; Photographic Technique.

 Aim: To know the different orbital manifestations and involvement of surrounding structures and their varied clinical presentations of fungal rhino-orbital sinusitis. Materials and Methods: 40 patients with orbital complications secondary to fungal rhino sinusitis from 2007 – 2017 were included in the study of 20 to 70 years of age. Endoscopic Sinus Surgery with orbital clearance / debridement were done as per the need with anti-fungal medications. Mucormycosis with orbital, palatal and intracranial involvement and Aspergillus with Abducens palsy were seen with histopathological evidence. Regular follow up and endoscopic suction clearance were done in all patients. Patients with suspected malignant involvement and traumatic injury. Results: Out of the 40 patients, 25 improved completely without any sequelae, 2 under went orbital exenteration, 5 had palatal perforation and 3 succumbed to death. Conclusion: Invasive rhinosino-orbital mycosis is known to have a poor prognosis.Ocular involvement is an ominous sign but orbit can be preserved. The critical factor in treatment is the rapidity of diagnosis and early administration of antifungal therapy because some of these patients may have a stormy course or rapid progression. A high degree of clinical suspicion is required for diagnosis. However real time total surgical excision with an appropriate antifungal therapy will make a difference in the prognosis.

Keywords: Fungal rhino sinusitis; Mucormycosis; Orbital cellulitis; Amphotericin - B.