Journal of Social Welfare and Management

This letter to editor aims to enlighten the role of gender in diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), in terms of prevalence, associated risk factors in pathogenesis and as a confounding factor in clinical trials on pharmacological and non-pharmacological management. The existing studies indicated that gender had following role in DPN; determined the onset, impact of diabetes, painful v/s painless presentation, electrophysiological measures, co-occurrence of carpal tunnel syndrome, medical and surgical treatments and influenced renal function. 

Keywords: Gender; Sex; Diabetic neuropathy.

India and China emerged in new look (one after 1947 and other after 1949) decided to uplift its Social- Economic condition through proper plan in order to eliminate existing as well as emerging weakness and challenges. Therefore, they formulated and implemented Five Year Plan. India implemented its Five Year Plan in 1951 while China just after 2 years of it but surprisingly People Republic of China accelerated its Socio-Economic growth in better way while India seems same in theoretical aspects but in practical it is far behind China in both the context. In 21st century though both the countries has registered themselves as superpower in term of ‘Population’. If one analytically compares the impact of its Social welfare policies, he finds that human development bank of China is better than India and also its trade growth is comparatively faster. Therefore, it has been observed that there are some loopholes in the implementation methodology as well as its strategy regarding social welfare policies of India. India will supersede China in term of population very soon. So, it becomes an important issue before government how to formulate and execute social welfare policies for diverse population of the nation so that maximum Indian could get benefit of it. This paper comparatively analysis important factors which are responsible for human development and tried to find out major weakness specially focusing on India and try to learn something from China for betterment. For this purpose observation methodology and secondary data from different sources were used. The collected data and information then processed and analyzed to present the findings in a logical and objective manner.

Keywords: Socio-economic; Implemented five year plan; Republic. 

This paper attempts to study whether the various marketing challenges dealt with by the retailers are hampering the growth of retail trade in Tamil Nadu. In the total retail sector in India, the organized retail format has been growing very fast comparatively to the traditional unorganized retail formats. Now a day, the modern retail business formats have not only seen in well established metro and urban cities and also decorating in semi-urban areas. Although this modern organized retail business formats bring remarkable development in the Indian retail industry, it’s a major threat for survival and further development of unorganized retail business formats. By the rapid development of modern retailers, the unorganized retailers face several challenges, among those marketing problems are considered as one of the main challenges for the growth of the small unorganized retail stores. In this circumstance the paper examines some of the key marketing problems facing by the small unorganized retailers. 300 sample respondents selected across the Vellore district by stratified simple random sampling method. The study found that heavy competition, high risk, advertisement cost, packing and delivery expenses and non availability of place are some of the vital challenges encountered by the unorganized retail traders. 

Key words: Marketing challenges; Modern retail format; Unorganized retailers.   

Caste system in India is not a new phenomenon, the root of which can be found in the traditional society. Our constitution has offered some social, economic and political safe guards to the depressed sections of the society. In this study, an attempt has been made to examine the demographic and educational status of 400 Scheduled Castes households from Visakhapatnam and West Godavari Districts in Andhra Pradesh. In the case of sex ratio, Visakhapatnam has 973 females for thousand males and West Godavari has 1016 females for thousand males. The child marriages are prevalent in West Godavari than in Visakhapatnam District. In the case of literacy, the illiterate head of the households are more in West Godavari than in Visakhapatnam. Primary schools are located very near to the respondent’s houses in Visakhapatnam District where as in the case of West Godavari district the primary schools were located with in 0.5 Kms to the households. And majority of the sample households are consuming about 2400 calories per head per day in both the districts. 

Key Words: Scheduled castes; Sex ratio; Depressed sections; Educational status; Literacy; Primary schools.  

A focal point of the current discourse on democracy is the agenda of Gender Quota in political representation, while a change in power structure and gender relation is central to the strategy of transformative politics. In this respect, Gender Inclusive legislation in different States was ratified following the 73rd Amendment to the Indian Constitution. Concomitantly, the Tamil Nadu Panchayats Act, 1994 has legalized reservation and rotation of seats and offices for women in Panchayati Raj in this State. A decade of political experiment has been made with one third reservation for women in Panchayat administration in Tamil Nadu. Hence, this article is an attempt to evaluate the role of social inclusion through constitutional and legislative stipulation for Gender Quota with reservation and rotation of positions for women representation in the three tiers structure of Panchayati Raj in Tamil Nadu. The specific objectives of this article are: 

• To inquire in to the changes in the extent of women representation in positions of Panchayati Raj in Tamil Nadu.

 • To analyse the district wise proportion of women representation in the three tiers of Panchayati Raj in Tamil Nadu. 

This paper is based on the data gathered from Tamil Nadu Panchayats Act, 1994 and Tamil Nadu Panchayati Raj 1996 and 2006 Election results. Based on the empirical evidences, this article propounds that inclusive legislation has provided legalized reservation and rotation of positions through which women not only have found opportunity for participation in Panchayati Raj but also are instrumental in enhancing the proportion of women representation in Panchayati Raj in Tamil Nadu.

Keywords: Panchayati Raj; Social inclusion; Rural women; Gender Quota; Reservation of seats; Changing gender representation; Gender inequality; Tamil Nadu Panchayats Act.  

An entrepreneur is someone who has an “idea”, works out a business strategy, gets the strategy approved by financiers, secures the dough, gets a office, sets up a business and living beings (staff), revels in skyrocketing profits. The entrepreneurs in India play a different role from their counterparts in an advanced economy. For instance, entrepreneurs in an advanced economy enable early stage innovation, risk-taking and creation of wealth and we have seen this in limited measure in India. This exploratory paper discusses some of the challenges facing the creative thinking process leading to technological innovation. It presents various idea engineering approaches that have been successfully implemented in American innovative companies, specifically those that benefit technologists, designers, and engineers. It is important to identify the roadblocks that prevent the engineering of ideas in a company, because these roadblocks lead to restrained thinking and jeopardize the creative process that leads to innovation. 

Keywords: Major challenges/Roadblocks to creative thinking in the innovation cycle; and way to confront creative thinking obstacles. 

Development is a multi-dimensional phenomenon. It depends on the level of education, level of health services, degree of modernization, status of women, level of nutrition, quality of housing, distribution of goods and services, access to communication etc. Socio-economic development is the need of each and every country especially developing nations like India.[1] But in India the progress of socio-economic development among major states like West Bengal is not uniform. The state has received a lot of critique for being too bureaucratic and thus too ineffective to be able to solve all public needs. This has resulted in an increased attention to the Non Government Organization. However, the increased attention has been followed by a greater pressure on the organizations to fill the shortcomings of private and public sector and they now have to face the demands on being able to show what they accomplish.[2] and Joan In this backdrop, the present study has been undertaken to measure the financial performance of NGOs in West Bengal. For the said purpose, various accounting tools like ratio analysis and statistical techniques like descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, multiple regression and hypothesis testing have been used. 

Keywords:Multi-dimensional,Modernization,Socio-economic,Shortcomings,Accomplish,Bureaucratic