Journal of Social Welfare and Management

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There are many things that happened in the history that helped to form the internet. One of the best examples is during the World War II. It is how people using technology to send and communicate with each other. During the World War II, the Germany had invented a machine called “enigma” which is a communication machine that allowed them to send information wirelessly during the war. The German invented the Enigma from modifying a commercial version. First they typed the information and then the information was scramble by the machine in order not to let other country know about their information. In order to fight back to the Germany, the British had built a super computer called “bombe” that was able to encrypt the German’s message. In this example, it is how the people use the technology to get connected and try to build more and more advance computer to improve their communication purpose and by and by, get connected with the world though nets and internets. It is due to today’s internet connectivity and (smart) mobile phone penetration, more than air travel, that the world is now literally a global village. Satellite connectivity helps greatly in distance learning, and in transmission of data as well as information pertaining to early warning of unusual health events in public health.

Keywords: Net; Enigma; Bombe; National science foundation; Public health.   

The Literal Translation of the term MEIRA PAIBI is women torch bearer. The official origin of the term was from Kakching under Thoubal district in 1977. Meira Paibis are groups of like-minded women, philanthropic in nature with no formal sources of funding. Their work reflects that they are instrumental in bringing about social change, through social advocacy and social action. Manipur was earlier known to be a male dominated society, where women had no say in the family. During the developmental stages, the Manipuri society, has witnessed different trends. Over the years, the womenfolk of the society became empowered. Within the umbrella of the Meira Paibis, the womenfolk stood together to fight against like Alcoholism, Drug Abuse etc., where the use of these was considered fashionable. Women in the family now have the courage to counter their husband if they came home drunk. They are present even in the smallest of locality in Manipur. After the success stories are learnt from certain localities, it mushroomed all over the state. The initial agenda of controlling Alcoholism graduated to controlling drug abuse, looking after the law and order in an informal way and for the development of the society at large. As one can see in newspaper and various journals, for a Manipuri society every new day comes with fresh agenda for survival negotiation. Coping of fear and management has been every day dinner table discussion for a household. The imposition of Arm Forces Special Power Act 1958, an Act which gives right to police and army personnel to shoot an individual on mere suspicion, truly it is a draconian act. The popularity of Meira Paibis gained momentum after this Act has been imposed as police and Army personnel are constantly raiding ones house. During these course of action the Meira Paibis would stand together to protect those members who are innocent. The paper will focus on the contribution made in various ways to the society by citing relevant examples and case study conducted. It will also cover on the various aspects of women empowerment. “The Manipuri story indicates that active participation by women in public affairs can and does contribute to better conditions for children and society at large” - UNICEF 

Keywords: Torch bearer,Philanthropic,Alcoholism, Drug Abuse,Negotiation.  

Values are affectively laden thoughts about objects, ideas, behavior, etc. that guide behavior .The Oxford Dictionary defines the term ‘Value’ as (a) the worth of something in terms of money, (b) the quality of being useful or important, and (c) beliefs about what is right and wrong and what is important in life. ‘Value’ acquires these and other meanings depending on one’s point of view, and the subject area in which it is used. Values can be categorized by their source as spiritual, moral, material, cultural, intellectual, aesthetic, economic, political, and social values. But today, with increasing academic pressure, one is left with little  or no time to inculcate even basic values in them. The result is a growing erosion of these values and qualities that are important for an all-round personality development. Then, the question arises automatically: How do we inculcate values within students? The answer is-Introduction of value-based education is a step in the right direction, Quotable Quotations with values, Values through Life - skills i.e. Communicative skills, Teaching values through subject taught, Value based co-curricular activities. A sense of belongingness must be developed amongst every individual learner by focusing on Indian contribution to world civilization, teacher education needs to emphasize values throughout in its program.[1] Some other major approaches are- Values inculcation, Moral Development, Analysis, Values Clarification, Action Learning. 

Keywords: Values; Values inculcation; Moral development; Analysis.

Patronage is an element of civilian and military politics. It is an old phenomenon which can be traced back to the colonial period. During that time, public employees were drawn from the privileged classes and from those who had wealth and influence. Although patronage has lost its luster, the spoils system is alive and well in the U.S. today. At the same time, the current trends in the political system of U.S. clearly threaten an increase in patronage and a return to the political problems of the 1800s. Does control of patronage significantly increase a political party’s chances of winning elections? This paper examines how patronage has been used and understood in policy making process and administration of government agencies in the U.S. The paper proceeds as follows. The first section provides a conceptual exposition of patronage. The second section reviews the historical development of patronage in the U.S. In the third section, four major forms of patronage widely used in U.S. have been discussed at length. The fourth empirical part of the paper explores the impact of patronage on policy making process and administration of government agencies. In the fifth section, concluding observations have been given. 

Keywords: Federal; Political; Democratic; Dismissal; Institution; Regulation.

Most of the Scheduled Tribes (STs) live in interior areas and far away from the civilized society. Agriculture is the main occupation of tribes. The isolated location of the tribes from the main stream of life is hindering their all activities. Due to illiteracy among tribes, the money lenders and small traders to exploit them. In our study 75 per cent of the households were in the age group of 25 to 55 and majority of the heads of households (50%) are in the age group of 35 to 55 years. The sex-wise distribution of total family members of the selected households revealed that total female are relatively higher than total male. 55 percent of the households are living in their own houses and majority of them are living in thatched houses. The socio- economic life of the households in the study area is much influenced by agricultural sector, among the selected households marginal farms and small farms are around 80 percent and the remaining are medium and large farms. The proportion of irrigated area in cropped area is only around 20 percent and the average size of irrigated area of all farms is only 0.67 acre. As a whole the analysis pertaining to demographic and economic conditions of the selected households’ shows the process of transformation taking place in the living patterns of the selected households living in the villages in plain areas. 

Keywords: Economic status; Scheduled tribes; Work force; Cultivation; Prices; Farmers.  

Poverty is measured in terms of caloric food intake and income earned during the particular year. The minimum food requirements for rural and urban areas were predetermined as 2400 and 2100 caloric per person per day. If a person lives in rural area with Rs.49/- per month and Rs.57/- per month in urban area in 1973 – 74 prices they were considered as poverty living people. However, this estimation varies and not agreed by the subject experts. A number of programmes (self employment – IRDP and PMEGP; wage employment – JRY and MGNREGAs; public distribution system – PDS and SGSY and nutrition programmes) were implemented by the Government of India to eradicate poverty. Nonetheless, largest number of poor people lives in India. This paper discusses the ruralurban poverty disparity in Puducherry by taking 200 samples. The study has used Engel’s Law of Consumption expenditure, Head Count Ratio, Poverty Gap and Lorenz Curve for analysing the intensity of poverty. The study found that the incident of poverty was more among Agriculture Labourers including Livestock and Fishing occupation in rural area and Tailoring occupation in urban area. The paper concludes that poor remain poor due to lack of access to assets, illiteracy and ignorance. Poverty can be reduced by sifting occupation, training, loan for self- mployment and continuous supply of commodities through Public Distribution System (PDS) with increased quantity and quality products. 

Keywords: Poverty; Rural; Urban; Agriculture labourers including livestock and fishing; Construction workers; Trade and transport, Tailoring and other services.  

The renamed Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MNREGS) was introducedin India in 2006 as a flagship programme of the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) Government to provide employment to the rural households as part of the “right to work” enacted in the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005. The scheme has now gained great momentum all over the country propagating its magical generation of employment for the poor and the resultant alleviation of rural poverty. The promise of 100 days of work for all rural households with a guarantee of unemployment allowance for the unmet demand for work is quite an innovative scheme different from the diverse wage employment programmes so far introduced in the country. Though the scheme is also not free from criticism, it has been operating everywhere in the country reporting stories of triumph. The state of Kerala, popularly known as the God’s Own Country, started implementing the scheme since 2006 in a phased manner and by 2008 the rural households of the whole state were put under the cover of the scheme. As the unemployment rate is the highest in Kerala among other Indian states, wage employment schemes like MNREGS assume extreme importance to provisionally remedy the situation. The paper examines the intricacies of the scheme in one of the Grama Panchayats – Aikkaranadu – in Ernakulam district of Kerala.

Keywords: MNREGP; MNREGA; MNREGS; NREGP; NREGS; Rural employment; Employment guarantee programme; Wage employment programmes; Poverty alleviation; Right to work. 

This article is based on the findings of a study on evaluation of the NREGA scheme, intended to assess the impact of this scheme on the overall quality of life of its beneficiaries by gauging different parameters associated with the improvement of overall quality of life of people such as impact on income – earning levels of each household, expenditure on food and non-food items, expenditure on education, household and cultivable assets creation by the beneficiaries, impact on social life, recreational activities and impact on distress out migration. This study also captured the views and feed-back of the beneficiaries on various faucets of implementation of the scheme at grass root level right from the stage of issue of job cards till the payment of wages, social audit etc. 

Key words: NREGA; Quality of life; Migration; Impact.   

Human resource management is process of bringing people and organizations together so that the goals of each are met. It is that part of the management process which is concerned with the management of human resources in an organization. It tries to secure the best from people by winning their wholehearted cooperation. In short, it may be defined as the art of procuring, developing and maintaining competent workforce to achieve the goals of an organization in an effective and efficient manner. HRM is a strategic approach to the acquisition, motivation, development and management of the organization’s human resources. The Electronics Division (EDN) of BHEL was formed in 1976, mainly to establish a strong base in the areas of power and industrial electronics and supplement the company’s pioneering efforts in power generation, transmission industry and transportation sectors. Making a modest beginning in 1976, the unit has registered continuous and impressive growth, which is amply reflected in the fact that a large number of power plants in the country today, are equipped with products and systems made by BHELEDN. As reported by the ARC Survey for the year 2005, BHEL is holding over 65 percent of the Market share of DCS Supplies to Power Industry in India (including hardware, software and services). So, in this paper we will present policies prevailing in BHEL in current Scenario. 

Keywords: Introduction of BHEL; BHEL certification; BHEL HR department; BHEL memorandum of understanding (MOU).