Journal of Animal Feed Science and Technology

Due to rise in crowds naturally there is fall in cultural values and escalation in crimes. Crime against women is on the rise especially sexual crimes. Though crime is prevalent in every country and society, most of them .either goes undetected or unreported. Forensic chemistry plays an important role in helping early detection, providing expert scientific reports at earliest, which will result in quick trial and instant administration of justice to victims.In the present communication a case of rape assault is reported in which Rhodamine B a cheap red dye used as a coloring agent in Holi festival identified by thin layer chromatographic analysis, ultraviolet spectroscopy and FT-IR analysis. 

Keywords: Dye; Color; Rhodamine; Rape Assault.

 Modern cross sectional imaging techniques can supplement and may even partially replace traditional autopsy. The century old techniques are still being used, Virtopsy is one step ahead. The aim of the Virtopsy is to validate new approach by systematically comparing the radiologic and surface scanning findings with those obtained at traditional autopsy. Virtopsy consists of body volume documentation and analysis using CT, MR imaging, and micro-radiology; and 3D body surface documentation using forensic photogrammetric and 3D optical scanning. The new method should be able to help determine whether death was the result of natural causes, accident, suicide, or homicide. This paper is aimed to discuss a few points that to what extend Virtopsy is beneficial in the field of Forensic Science.

Keywords: CT; MR Imaging; 3D Surface Scanning; Virtopsy; Autopsy. 

Marginal farmers constitute the core of the livestock production sector and own over 80 percent of all livestock in India. Ruminant production is based on grazing and crop residues. Small ruminants subsist entirely on open grazing/browsing. Fodder scientists have developed many superior fodder crops like hybrid Napier varieties yielding over 300–400 tonnes of green fodder per hectare annually and giving net income of Rupees 250 000 per hectare. In some villages there are several few ‘land surplus’ farmers with fully-irrigated land to spare for high-yielding fodder crops. The milk collection centres, dairy and farmer cooperative societies in the village can identify ‘land surplus’ farmers and enter into mutually- enefiting annual contracts with them for cultivation and daily supply of cut-green fodder. Rotary chaff cutters in farmer households can maximise fodder utilisation. In straw-rich states millions of tonnes of straws are burnt as a means of disposal. This straw could be used for making pellets. Enriched straw pellets from Punjab state could take care of the total needs of ruminant feeds/fodder in the adjoining deficit states. The technology for pulverising, chopping and pelletising straw will have industrial-scale application in all regions. 

Keywords: Enriched straw pellets; Fodder on contract; Land surplus farmers.  

Greying of the muzzle, stiffness in movement, changes in posture, reduced responsiveness to outside stimuli are external signs of increasing age.The ageing process is complex and we haveyet to discover its secret. The person who does - and can find a way to delay it - stands to make a fortune! In humans, the mean life-expectancy can be predicted based upon sex, race, socio-economic and other factors. For example, in western society women live longer than men and smokers have a reduced life expectancy. Factors affecting the life expectancy of cats and dogs have not been fully determined and within breed and acrossbreed comparisons have not been made though it is generally accepted that large and giant breeds of dog have a shorter life expectancy than small breeds. Insufficient work has been done on the nutritional requirements of older cats and dogs or on the effects of nutrition on age-related changes, and so the first two premises are controversial. However, the role of certain nutrients in some common diseases of old animals is well documented and many of these diseases are often slow and insidious in their onset and progression, and so dietary manipulation may be beneficial. Old dogs and cats have nutritional requirements for energy, protein, fat, minerals and vitamins.

Keywords: Geriatric; Conception; Growth; Reproduction; Stiffness. 

Economics of TMR( complete feed block) was computed for Tharparker cattle utilizing local ingredients. Total formulation cost was around Rs. 6.05 / kg.  

Keywords: Total mixed ration (feed block); Economics, maintenance; Local ingredients. 

Economics of guar korma based UMMB was investigated using local ingredients. Ingredients used were molasses, deoiled rice bran, guar korma, urea, mineral mixture , common salt and cement.  

Keywords: Urea-molasses-mineral-block; Guar korma; Economics; Milch livestock; Local ingredients. 

To study the effects of probiotics supplementation in lactating kankrej cows, a farm trial of 90 days was conducted in Kushkal village, Palanpur taluka of Banaskantha district of North Gujarat. The parameters studied were production performance and economics of feeding. Fourteen lactating Kankrej cows were divided in to two dietary treatments T1 (control) and T2 (probiotics). The results revealed that supplementing probiotics to lactating Kankrej cows significantly improved fat percent, 4% FCM while milk production and return as percent of feed cost were increased but remained statistically similar as compared to control. 

Keywords: Probiotics; Supplementation, Productivity; Kankej cow; Economics. 

An experiment was conducted on 20 lactating Kankrej cows divided in four groups according to lactation number one to four and initial stage of lactation with almost same production. Highly significant (P <0.01) difference was observed for let down time in cold and dry season (61.54 sec. ) as compared to hot and humid season (68.13 sec.), milking time in hot and humid season (245.72 sec) as compared to cold and dry season (260.02 sec.) and milk yield/ milking in cold and dry season (4.300 Kg ) as compared to hot and humid season (3.860 Kg ) while, significant (P< 0.05) difference was observed in milk flow rate in cold and dry season (0.990Kg /minute ) as compared to hot and humid season (0.950 Kg / minute).  

Keywords: Milkability; Lactation; Cattle.  

An on-farm trial of 90 days was conducted in Kushkal village, Palanpur taluka of Banaskantha district of Gujarat to study effects of Probiotics supplementation on production performance, nutrient utilization and economics of lactating kankrej cows. Fourteen lactating Kankrej cows were divided in to two dietary treatments T1 (control) and T2 (probiotics). The results revealed that supplementing Probiotics to lactating Kankrej cows significantly improved fat percent, 4% FCM, DM intake, CP and TDN intake while milk production, DCP intake and return as percent of feed cost were increased but remained statistically similar as compared to control.  

Keywords: DCP; FCM; TDN; Probiotics; Lactose; Kankrej. 

Eighteen lactating Kankrej cows were subjected to three housing systems viz., RCC shed (T1), Thatched roof (T2) and Tree shelter (T3). Serum concentration of T3 (Tri-iodothyronine), T4 (Thyroxin) and Cortisol hormones was estimated once in a season for one year. The overall average serum concentration (ng/ml) of Tri-iodo thyronine (T3) recorded under T1, T2 and T3 was 0.96 ±0.01, 0.89 ±0.02 and 0.90 ±0.02 respectively. The difference due to treatments, seasons and their interaction was non-significant. The overall average serum concentration (ng/ml) of Thyroxin (T4) recorded under T1, T2 and T3 was 25.17 ±0.9, 26.41 ±1.0 and 26.39 ±0.8, respectively. It was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in winter (37.30 ±1.0) as compared to monsoon (27.03 ±1.0) and summer (13.65 ±0.70), while difference due to treatments was non- ignificant. The average serum concentration (ng/ml) of Cortisol recorded under T1, T2 and T3 was 11.41 ±0.5, 12.57 ±0.5 and 12.11 ±0.6 respectively. The difference due to treatment was non-significant.  

Keywords: Hormone; Cattle; Stress.    

An on-farm trial of 90 days was conducted at Kushkal village, Palanpur taluka in Banaskantha district of Gujarat to study the effects of probiotics supplementation on nutrient utilization and feed conversion of lactating kankrej cows. Fourteen lactating Kankrej cows of uniform body weight, milk yield and with 2nd and/or 3rd lactation number in the initial stages of lactation were selected for the experiment to observe the effect of probiotic supplementation and were divided into two dietary treatments i) T1 (control: concentrate mixture + Green fodder + Dry fodder) and ii) T2, Probiotics supplementation (15 g/d/animal probiotics containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae; 1.5 x 108 cfu/g and bacteria, Lactobacillus sporogens; 5 x107cfu/ g + T1) were fed. The results revealed that supplementing probiotics to lactating Kankrej cows significantly improved intake of DM, CP and TDN while DCP intake, water intake and feed conversion efficiency of nutrients like DM, CP, DCP and TDN in relation to milk yield and FCM remained statistically similar as compared to control. The average DM intake of experimental cows during digestion trial in treatment groups T1 and T2 were 10.03±0.04 and 10.27±0.04 kg/d and when expressed as kg/100kg B.wt. it was 2.66±0.06 and 2.75±0.09 and in terms of g/kg W0.75 was 117.15±2.03 and 120.69±3.02. The treatment group T2 recorded significantly higher (Pd”0.01) DM intake. The average CP and TDN intake of T1 and T2 groups were 1012.03±1.53 and 1057.91±9.40 g/d and 6135.39±254.17 and 6919.64±262.35 g/d, respectively, differ (Pd”0.05) statistically but the average DCP intake was 576.44±35.88 and 665.75±39.63  g/d, respectively, remained statistically (Pe”0.05) similar. The average digestibility coefficient of OM, CP, CF and NFE in T1 and T2 were remain statistically (Pe”0.05) similar except DM (65.21±1.88 and 70.89±1.76) and EE (46.92±2.78 and 59.78±3.47). The feed conversion efficiency of experimental Kankrej cows in treatment groups T1 and T2 in terms of intake of DM (kg/kg milk yield), CP (g/kg FCM), DCP (g/kg milk yield) and TDN (kg/kg FCM yield) respectively, were statistically (Pe”0.05) similar.  

Keywords: DCP; Feed conversion efficiency; Kankrej cows; Nutrient utilization; Probiotics.   

Ninety (90) unsexed day-old, commercial broiler chicks were purchased from Sandhu Poultry farm, Bikaner. These chicks were weighed individually and uniformly distributed as 45 chicks in each of three groups. Each group was divided into three replicates with 15 chicks in each. The birds were offered feed and water ad-libitum. The chicks were fed with starter mash which contained crude protein 23% and metabolizable energy 2905 Kcal / kg up to three weeks of age. For next 3 weeks i.e. from 4 to 6 weeks of age with finisher mash which contained crude protein 20% and metabolizable energy 3120 Kcal/ kg. Group T1 (control group) was fed standard broiler mash. Group T2 was fed broiler mash + herbiotic FS @ 250 g/ ton of feed. Growth, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio of broilers in group T2 (broiler mash + herbiotic FS @ 250 g/ ton of feed) was better than that recorded on control diet. Findings of present study suggested that supplementation of herbiotic FS was effective in improving performance in broiler chickens.  

Keywords: Herbiotic FS; Broiler; Performance; Feed conversion ratio.  

A survey was carried out in ten villages of Dantiwada taluka of the Banaskantha district which are adopted by Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar to identify the macro and micro- minerals status in feeds and fodders by samples at random.The samples were analysed for macro minerals, calcium and phosphorus with micro minerals cupper, manganese and zinc. The concentrate samples were analysed individuals and combination with other ingredients both, as per as their practically implementation to dairy animals. The results of analysis were compared with the critical level for particular micro minerals level and percentages of samples which contain micro minerals below critical level were calculated. 

Keywords: Macro and Micro minerals; Survey; Feeds; Fodders.