Journal of Animal Feed Science and Technology

 Pulses are an important role in human dietary. Pulse protein provides good supplements to cereal diets and enhances the biological value of protein when consumed. Pulses are often attributed as “Poor man’s diet”. Crop improvement programme that the natural variability is an essential pre-requisite, however in blackgram due to their autogamous nature it lack genetic   variability. Hence the present mutation breeding programme was taken up gammy ray irradiation to identify mutants with high yield potential, early maturity, and disease resistance and bold seeded type.

Keywords:Mutagen,Gamma Ray,Viable Mutants

 Feeding and management during the transition period i.e. three weeks immediately before and three weeks after calving, has a significant influence on milk production and fertility. Therefore, time and money spent during transition should be considered as valuable investments for improving farm profitability. Poor feeding and management during the transition period can result in a host of problems around calving such as dystocia, retained placenta, milk fever (hypocalcaemia), grass staggers or hypomagnesaemia, rapid weight loss and ketosis. Most health disorders occur during this time. Feed intake tends to decline as calving approaches, and does not peak until about 10 to 12 weeks after calving. This is the opposite of cow requirements as nutrient demands increase rapidly in the last two months of pregnancy, and cows achieve peak milk yields about six to eight weeks after calving. When cows dip into a negative energy balance, non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and beta hydroxy butyrate (BHBA) levels in the blood increase. This is due to large amounts of body fat being utilized as an energy source to support colostrum or milk production., results is ketosis. Nutrition and management programs during this phase directly affect the incidence of post-calving disorders, milk production and reproduction in the subsequent lactation.

Keywords:BHBA,transition,LiverLipid, Metabolism,NEFA.

 In recent times, the poultry industry has paid more attention for addressing the public concerns for food and environmental safety. In an attempt to promote exports of poultry products, antibiotics are being withdrawn from the poultry diets around the world. Organic acids are studied as potential alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters. Their action is related to the pH reduction of the intestinal digesta and affecting the gut ecosystem in numerous ways. Intestinal microbiota can be altered as a result of the remarkable antibacterial activity of organic acids and the growth enhancement of non-pathogenic beneficial microorganisms, due to exclusive competition. Antibacterial activity has been widely reported for many poultry pathogens, such as Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens, Campylobacter sps., both in vitro and in vivo. Apart from the microbiota, diet supplementation of organic acids has trophic effects on the intestinal mucosa, modifying the morphologic characteristics of intestinal villi and crypts and maintaining epithelial integrity. Furthermore, as found recently, organic acids have anti-inflammatory and immune-stimulating properties. Diet acidification increases gastric proteolysis and the utilization of proteins and amino acids, affects pancreatic secretions and mineral absorption. There are also reports for an effect on appetite and palatability of the feed. All these properties attributed to organic acids have either a direct or indirect effect on the performance and health, even though the results presented for poultry lack consistency. Nonetheless, the benefits of organic acids can have practical application in the control of clinical and subclinical conditions, but more research is needed to study these perspectives.

Keywords:Poultry Industry,Organic Acid,Microbiota,Escherichia coli,Salmonella spp.

 Quality of egg is important not only for processing market by also for long term storage of shell eggs. Protein/ amino acid levels in diet will influence the quality of egg. Hence two experiments were conducted to assess the quality of an egg at various levels of protein and different concentration of lysine and threonine. 528 and 390 birds at the age of 25 weeks were procured separately and randomly allotted into 11 and 13 treatment groups for experiment -1 and 2 respectively. In experiment 1 the birds were fed with low protein (13.36% CP) and medium protein (15.78% CP) diets each with 6 replicates of 8 birds each at 5 different concentrations of lysine. In experiment-2 two protein groups (13.46% CP/0.65% lysine and 15.56% CP/0.60% lysine) with two lysine levels, each protein was supplemented with 6 concentrations of threonine, fed to 5 replicates each with 6 birds. In both the experiments the control was with 17%CP, 0.70% lysine and 66% threonine. Two eggs/replicate/period a total of 132 eggs/period and 130 eggs/period was collected and brake open for quality assessment in experiment 1 and 2 respectively. Out of all egg quality parameters haugh unit score was increased significantly with increasing amino acid concentration in experiment one. But lower the Haugh unit score at high protein, low lysine and high threonine concentrations were observed in experiment 2. No change in other parameters in both the experiments. Basing on these results it can be concluded that concentration of amino acids especially lysine plays a major role in maintaining the egg quality.

Keywords:Egg Production,Haugh Unit Score,Lysine, ProteinThreonine.

 The present study was carried out to determine the blood macromineralprofile of Assam local sheep grazing in similar pasture. For the investigation, plasma sample was taken for assessing the level of Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, and Cl, which were found to be 10.9 ± 0.18 (mg/dl), 7.6 ± 0.27 (mg/dl), 2.6 ±0.04 (mg/dl), 146 ± 1.5 (mmol/l), 4.5 ±0.16 (mmol/l) and 113 ± 1.9 (mmol/l), respectively. The findings may be of use for physiological characterization of the indigenous sheep breed of Assam. It mays also aid in assessing the health as well as supplementation of mineral mixture for proper maintenance of health and optimization of productive performance of the sheep. However, acomprehensive study is warranted on this aspect to evolve the correlations between blood concentrations of these macroelements and productive performance of this breed.

Keywords: Sheep,Plasma,Macro-Mineral,Reference Value.