Journal of Animal Feed Science and Technology

 Milk is a complete food as it contains all essential micro-nutrients needed for growth and development of human health as well as for neonate animals. However, milk derivative peptides may cause deleterious effect on human health by elevating risk for type I diabetes (DM-1), coronary heart disease (CHD), schizophrenia and autism. The higher occurrences of these diseases have relationship with consumption of variants A1, B and C beta–casein from cow’s milk. The production of BCM-7 is more in A1 milk than A2 milk and the difference is basically at 67th position of the beta casein chain. Due to presence of histidine at amino acid at 67th position, digestion of A1 β-casein milk releases a 7 amino acid bioactive peptide called β-casomorphin 7 (BCM-7) in small intestine, while proline in A2 milk at 67th position prevents splitting at this particular site. So propensity is now towards consumption of A2 milk. It is a matter of great concern for the health of people in India.

Keywords: A1 Milk; A2 Milk, Bcm-7; Proline Amino Acid; Histidine Amino Acid.

 Citrus fruits are flowering trees belonging to genus shrubs and Rutaceae family. These are beautiful and fragrant plants, spreaded to all continents of the India. Citrus fruits are rich source of vitamins C (ascorbic acid), dietary fiber and bioactive compounds, which plays important role in protection of human health. Livestock foods are nutritional foods, but it lacks in dietary fiber and bioactive compounds. Due to the existence of functional ingredients in the citrus fruits and its byproducts, these fruits can be used for designing livestock food. Hence, enrichment of milk and meat products with citrus fiber is a best alternative to increase functional quality of the product and cater to the consumer demand.

Keywords: Citrus Fruit; Milk Products; Meat Products; Functional Food.

 The present study was carried out to isolate the etiological agent responsible for an outbreak of pneumonia causing mortality in young lambs. The outbreak was occurred during November 2017 in a sheep flock in Maddakkatta village of peddara mandal in Prakasam district from Andhra Pradesh. Affected animals were clinically examined, nasal swabs and blood samples collected from live animals, whereas heart, liver and lung tissues collected during postmortem. The etiological agent was isolated and identified as Streptococcus pneumoniae on conventional bacteriological and biochemical methods. The antibiogram of the Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates revealed that the isolates were sensitive to Norfloxacin followed by ceftriaxone erythromycin and resistant to penicillin, tetracycline, Enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin etc. The serum biochemical profile resulted in decrease in serum concentration of albumin, A/G ratio and increased level of total protein , globulins, Blood Urea Nitrogen(BUN), creatinine and serum enzymatic activities of ALT and AST supports the pneumoniae of bacterial origin implicating different degrees of organs dysfunction caused by the disease condition

Keywords: Streptococcus Pneumoniae; Bacteriological Isolation; Biochemical Studies; Antibiotic Sensitivity Test