Journal of Animal Feed Science and Technology

India has largest livestock population in the world. India is fortunate as the huge heterogeneous livestock population, which includes cattle, buffalo, seep, goat, pig, mithun, yak, horse, pony, mule, donkey, camel, dog, rabbit, elephant and poultry. Such world’s largest livestock population is the back bone of Indian economy and basis of daily livelihood of rural population. Productivity through such huge livestock population and efficient sustainability of livestock owners depends upon highly influential seasonal variables i.e. winter, spring, summer and monsoon persist in the country. Thus, above article assigned to elaborate various manage mental strategies to minimize the influences of environmental variable and year round sustainable productivity through livestock.

Key words: Livestock; Season; Productivity.

The main hurdle in the development of Poultry Industry is the increasing feed cost. Fish meal is the conventional protein supplement used in the poultry diets. The increasing cost of fish meal has led to the use of alternate feed supplements. Shrimp waste meal (SWM) is one such supplement obtained from the processing of shrimp for human consumption. Experiments were carried out to evaluate the shrimp waste meal. The shrimp waste meal was used in poultry diets by replacing the fish meal at different levels. The shrimp waste meal (SWM) reported to have 94.17, 50.5, 8.2, 15.2, 19.1, and 7.0 percent dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre, total ash, nitrogen free extract, respectively. The crude protein content of shrimp waste meal ranged from 20.00 - 53.47% as per the reports of many research findings. The calcium and phosphorous content of the SWM was reported as 6.0, and 1.2%, respectively. The percent lysine and methionine were found as 1.66, and 0.88, respectively. Metabolizable energy content of SWM was reported as 1515 kcal/kg diet. The chitin present in the SWM reported to have anti-microbial and immune enhancing activity. The high chitin and calcium contents, could limit the amount of shrimp waste in mono-gastric diets. Chitin has low digestibility when fed to animals. The concentration of E.coli in the caecum was significantly decreased by dietary supplementation of 100 mg/kg of chito-oligosaccharide. Higher serum total protein content was observed when broilers were supplemented with chito-oligosaccharide at 100 mg/kg level. Replacement of fishmeal upto 50% with shrimp waste meal along with supplementation of synthetic lysine and methionine in broiler diets showed significantly (p < 0.01) higher liver, gizzard and heart weights (g). The birds also showed higher live weight gain, hot carcass weight and dressing percentage. Up to 50% replacement of fish meal with shrimp waste meal in broiler diets had no effect on mortality rate.

Key words : Shrimp Waste meal; Chito-oligosaccharide; Broiler diets

Climate change and an ageing population are crucial policy challenges which need to be addressed to ensure a safe, secure, equitable and sustainable future. Older people want to be part of the solution and to provide advice and guidance on what could be done to address climate change. Older people are especially vulnerable to some of the negative impacts of climate change. They form a large and growing group in society that needs an explicit policy response to minimize risk and vulnerability. There is an urgent need to exploit synergies between climate change policies and policies aimed at older people and to avoid overlaps and contradiction. This article briefly reviews the policy that can produce significant gains in quality of life for older people and at the same time contribute to reducing carbon footprints.

Keywords: Climate change, Ageing, Ecological footprint, Older people, Adaptation policies.

Basic aims of livestock rearing are production and harvest more and more profit margin. Nutrition (Balanced ration), along with manage mental, gynaecological and medicinal inputs helps to enhance the profitability through livestock rearing. Nutrition is foremost important and significantly higher input cost in livestock rearing and surely influential and deciding factor of profitability. Gaseous loses from overall nutritional inputs is significant lose of input and hazardous to climate safety. Thus, article proposed to elaborate various feeding strategies to minimize the gaseous loses, enhance climate safety and deliver more and more profit towards livestock owners.

Key words: Nutrition, Green house gases, Climate safety

Due to over bacterial resistance as well as ban of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) in the European countries many alternative substances have been investigated for their potential to replace AGPs. Phytogenic products are also called phytobiotics or biologicals. Phytogenic products are one of the promising alternatives due to their high content of pharmacologically active compounds. There are various in vitro and in vivo studies have confirmed a wide range of activities in terms of phytobiotics in poultry and pig nutrition, gut health and management like stimulation of feed intake, antimicrobial, coccidiostatic and anthelmintic effects. The use of antibiotics and other allopathic as well as homeopathic medicines reduced day by day. This trends are observed due to people are more health conscious about the side defects, quality of food, cost of production, poultry health and welfare is an ever-growing demand for low-priced, high quality food, improved feed hygiene, greater poultry health and welfare, and reduced environmental health hazards. Now days, Researcher has focused more on the development of alternative strategies to maintain poultry and pig health and enhance performance with numerous natural substances, termed as natural growth promoters (NGPs) have been identified as effective alternatives to antibiotics. Phytogenic products or phytobiotics are natural growth promoters that have been growing in popularity as feed additives, due to their beneficial effect on gut health and immunity and growth performance along with no residual or side defect on meat and egg qualities.

Keywords: Health and Management; Poultry Nutrition; Valuable Resources for Pig.