Journal of Animal Feed Science and Technology

A 3 year old non-descript bitch was presented to our teaching veterinary clinical complex with the history of protrusion of red coloured mass through the vulva. Clinical examination revealed a pear shaped pendulous mass was hanging from the vulva. The dog was found to be systematically healthy. Based on the clinical and physical examination, the case was identified as a type-3 vaginal hyperplasia. The treatment involved a medicinal management with the Gn RH and hCG but due to recurrence of the condition, the amputation of the protruded mass along with the OHE was carried out. The bitch was recovered uneventfully without any recurrence of the condition.

Cattle comprises the top most domestic animal in India. Cow is connected with all beings for the use of milk in crucial time of their life. Cow milk products and by products of cow dung and cow urine also have more therapeutic benefits practiced in centuries in India. The cow is treated as holy animal and Hindu religion worshipped as Goddess. The author chosen to visit North Region of Punjab, Fategarh Sahib district, selected two villages to observe the traditional practices of cow dung and manure preparation for the villagers day today life. The field visit the author interviewed the Sarpanches (Panchayat President’s) and gathered the information socio economic demographic variables and health of villagers and communicable diseases data of the people. It is reported that there is no incidence of specific and periodic diseases occurred for past years. The author observed the practice of cow dung and manure preparation for long time it enhances the ecological environment and thus prevent the diseases and promote the health of people and positive atmosphere of community climate.

Aflatoxicosis is a fungal borne toxicosis that may affect almost all species of livestock in India as well as abroad. Aflatoxins are major class of mycotoxins produced primarily by Aspergillus flavus i.e. most common grain mold fungi. The fungus grows on carbohydrate rich feeds such as peanuts, cottonseed, corn, sorghum and cereal grains when they are stored in hot conditions without adequate drying and aeration. Aflatoxin M1 found in milk of dairy cattle is the metabolite of Aflatoxin B1 that occurs in feed materials. Aflatoxicosis is a problem in livestock, most notably swine and cattle. Gross lesions include hepatic enlargement, congestion, yellow discoloration, and friability; petechiae or more generalized hemorrhage; and edema and ecchymotic or petechial hemorrhages of the gall bladder. Cattle are more resistant than pigs, but the typical lesions of aflatoxicosis, as described above, can be found following exposure. Fibrosis and bile duct proliferation may be extensive and found together with fibrotic veno-occlusion of the central veins. Sheep are resistant to aflatoxin.

The recent developments in the field of bio-inspired design have been inspiring greatly the direction of research in the modern times. To promote maximum efficiency in proposed solutions for modern problems, it is imperative that inspiration should be taken from natural sources, as nature has spent millions of years perfecting the organisms to deal with their various circumstances. This research area has resulted in ideal solutions to multiple problems that have the capability to be actually applied in multiple situations, hence the versatility provides for cost efficiency. Not to mention, the presence of the solution in nature allows for an easy proto type. The methodology involved in these researches is simple analyse a certain phenomenon in nature and then relate it with a problem in real life. The present study is outcome of rigorous review of literature with the help of scholarly reliable databases such as Web of Science and Google Scholar to find put the vast amount of literature. Major findings focus on the analogical aspects, hence concerned with the aspects of bio inspired design and bio computing. Microbial research has been a prime area as well to realize real life solutions of chemo-pathological problems. DNA and proteins can be better analysed for structural problems. The paper concludes with the idea that these are just some of the basic issues that can be solved through bio-inspired design where future belongs to more intricate researches.