Journal of Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology

Dyadic death is a scenario of two persons dying in a series in a different manner, usually Homicide followed by suicide. Shooting, poisoning, and hanging are the methods used for committing dyadic death. Dyadic deaths by cutthroat methods are rarely reported in the literature due to the extremely painful and violent nature of the injury. The interpretations of cut-throat wounds and other incised wounds could fit into both homicide and suicide. Therefore, a thorough analysis ofthe crime scene is required for corroboration with post-mortem findings. A crime scene is a cluster of evidence like fingerprints, footprints, bloodstains, patterns, etc. The author’s report a case of Dyadic death involving cut-throat, stab and incised wounds. The authors intent to highlight the importance of correlating the crime scene findings, which unveiled the sequence of events thereby helping the investigating agency. 

Wildlife crime, defined as the illegal capture, disturbance, ownership, exchange, or movement of animals and/or their derivatives, is a rising international problem that poses a threat to many species' survival. The ‘crime scene' in such investigations can range from an animal carcass to terrain with topography as diverse as woodland or desert, as well as a variety of natural and man-made structures. The location of a wildlife crime scene is frequently remote, with insufficient facilities for thorough investigation and evidence collecting. These characteristics may pose particular issues in poorer sections of the world and countries suffering societal turmoil. Working at a wildlife crime scene necessitates the use of tools, investigation procedures, and scientific technologies that are all suited for the situation and the best available. A combination of portable and easy-to-use laboratory equipment, as well as current data gathering and information transmission systems, is likely to be required for effective inquiry in the field. It is critical to use an interdisciplinary approach. These tactics can be used to combat wildlife crimes and punish those involved in the illegal trafficking of animals, flora, and fauna, as well as their products. Footprint analysis, morphological and anatomical studies, microscopic inspections of bodily components, and molecular biology techniques such as serological, mitochondrial DNA, rRNA, and protein analysis are among these techniques. The well-documented methodology and techniques, as well as their disadvantages and advantages, have been thoroughly examined in this review, and will undoubtedly aid the court of law and scientists working in this field to reduce wildlife crime rates through scientific investigations.

Epigenetic processes have an important role in gene expression which is affected by living environments conditions. Occurrence of epigenetics is conciliated by two major molecular mechanisms which includes histone modification and DNA methylation. DNA methylation is an epigenetic channel action, this is a natural process where transmission of a methyl group on the C5 position of the cytosine to form 5-methylcytosine at genome. So, epigenetic change is normal and continual fact that may be influenced by many factors including age, the environment / lifestyle, and disease state. The normal process of aging causes a span of transformation of tissues and organs which gathered over life time. Now this could be possible to be examined through molecular based method. In view of this methylation levels of age associated marker have been used for highly accurate age prediction in this area and depicted that an age associated methylation marker on specific gene location found to be useful with marginal lapse. In Indian scenario there are no such study published on epigenetic markers for age estimation. In future for forensic cases work Molecular biomarkers may be significant to estimate age. 

Arson investigation is hands down the most tedious and the robust form of investigation to go with. It is by far the multifarious and endearing type of investigation as investigating at the arson scene demands high endeavour in order to withstand from all the challenges that stood up at the scene of crime. Stringent norms have been framed by the government that defines it under section 435, 436 and 438 of IPC. In such cases, the chain of custody plays a dynamic and a crucial role as from the procurement of the most fragile samples to transporting it in the most desired form to follow the best sample preparation method before subjecting to GC analysis in order to avail the quality result. Keeping in mind the susceptibility of fire evidences American Society for Testingand Materials International has established standard guidelines for subjecting sample before GC-MS introducing solid phase micro-extraction technique linking to various GC detectors. New minds and innovation has bumped into better and more approachable forms of GC by making hybrids of it such as E-nose i.e. headspace-mass spectrometry, a strategic mass spectrometry based instrument with both qualitative and quantitative applications surpassing the bygone separation process. Revolution in the arson and analytical world is making way for non destructible techniques to serve as a better alternative to any of the GC detectors.

Honey is a valuable food entity that gains a lot of attention due to its potential benefits for health and its uses to sweeten foods. It contains about 60% invert sugar and appreciable amounts of maltose and sucrose. In this study, the Physico-chemical characteristics of pure and adulterated honey samples were investigated. The grade and limitation of adulteration of the honey samples also were checked. The moisture, ash and pH were carried out. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) of different samples were analyzed. The result of FTIR spectroscopy provides reliable results.

Ceftiofur Sodium is a semi-synthetic beta-lactamase broad spectrum third generation of cephalosporin antibiotic. The development and validation of a two-level agar diffusion (2+2) bioassay to quantify ceftiofur in powder for injection is described in this paper. Bacterial strain Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 (MTCC 441) was selected and used as the most significant strain against ceftiofur sodium. The mean potency recovery value of ceftiofur sodium in marketed sample XCEFT powder for injection was estimated to be 101.79%. All potency results were statistically analyzed and found to be linear (r2 = 0.9916) in the range of 1.0-10 µgmL-1, with the intermediate precision RSD between days was 0.81%; intermediate precision RSD between analyst was 0.43% and accuracy 101.08%, RSD = 0.28%. The findings backed up the proposed microbiological technique, which allowed for accurate ceftiofur sodium quantification in pharmaceutical samples. Furthermore, bioassay is a useful, easy and cost-effective method for controlling the quality of ceftiofur sodium in raw material as well as in pharmaceutical preparations.