Journal of Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology

Under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023, Section 274, adulterating milk with   hazardous chemicals including hydrogen peroxide is a punishable crime. This caustic  chemical poses significant health risks, particularly to children, causing corrosive harm  to their developing bodies. The law explicitly targets those who endanger public health by adulterating food or drink intended for sale, imposing strict penalties to deter such malicious practices. Ensuring the safety and integrity of consumables, especially milk, is crucial for protecting innocent children and maintaining public trust.
 

Acute airway obstruction or choking is reportedly commoner in children than adults.
Most commonly aspirated material among the children is either vegetable matter or
inorganic objects such as a toy.Foreign body aspiration (FBA)amounts to the fourth
leading cause of death occurring at either home or community places, in the United States
of America.The death rate in cases of FBA in adults is seven times higher among people of
age >65 years than in children, though the prevalence of it is less. Cardiovascular diseases
(CVD) including ischaemic heart disease and cerebrovascular such as stroke account for
17.7 million deaths. Such a case where the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease was much
eminent, turned out to be of choking on autopsy is discussed in this case report.
 

The hookah use among present day generation creates an alarming need considering   its negative health effects. Hookah tobacco (also known as water pipe tobacco, maassel,  shisha, narghile, or argileh) is a type of combustible tobacco that is smoked with a
hookah (waterpipe). It is popular among the youths as these hookah smokers smoke at hookah lounges as well as in private homes, bars, cafes and restaurants. In all the flavored products of tobacco, nicotine is the most potent and one of the addictive drug
present including hookah tobacco. The concentration show a variation although the average nicotine content ranges between 1.8–6.3%of 3.4 mg/g tobacco depends upon the brand. In this article efforts have been made to highlight the toxic effects of Flavored
Hookah abuse among youths.
 

DNA analysis is used in forensic investigations to identify individuals and solve crimes.   Important pieces of evidence are frequently found at crime scenes, including bloodstains.  However, both the quantity and the quality of the extracted DNA can vary depending on the  conditions in which bloodstains are exposed before analysis, such as different temperatures. This study, to evaluate the genome potential for performing short tandem repeat (STR) analysis on bloodstains collected from three different temperature settings: -200, 40, and room temperature. The study will evaluate how temperature affects DNA extraction and typing.
Previous studies have demonstrated that burns and high heat can cause DNA to degrade and lower DNA quantities in bloodstains. Additionally, research has shown that even after being heated to specific temperatures, cleaned bloodstains can still produce sufficient DNA for analysis. This research will help to clarify the challenges and limitations involved in conducting STR analysis on bloodstains exposed to a range of temperatures by examining the effects  of various temperatures on DNA quantity and quality in bloodstains. The results will help investigators in the forensic field increase DNA recovery techniques and raise the accuracy of
DNA profiling in criminal investigations.
 

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy plays a crucial role in forensic sciences    by providing detailed chemical information about substances present in biological samples  such as blood. NMR spectroscopy is a versatile tool in forensic sciences, offering nondestructive and high-resolution analysis of biological samples like blood. Machine learning  tools are increasingly employed in forensic investigations to enhance data analysis, pattern  recognition, and decision-making processes. These tools aid in processing vast amounts of  forensic data efficiently and uncovering hidden insights from complex datasets. Its ability to  provide detailed chemical information aids in substance identification, quantitative analysis, and understanding of NMR data interpretation, making it invaluable in criminal investigations  and forensic pathology
 

The advancement of forensic DNA analysis has revolutionized criminal investigations,  providing crucial evidence for identifying suspects and establishing their involvement in  various crimes. The extraction of DNA from blood stains is a fundamental step in forensic  investigations, enabling the profiling of individuals for identification and genetic analysis.  The objective of this research is to evaluate and compare the DNA extraction methods on different fabric types, which is cotton, and silk. Blood stains were spotted in both the cloths  and incubated for a certain period of time. After which, DNA extraction was done using phenol chloroform method. The quality and quantity of the extracted DNA are assessed using  established techniques such as Gel electrophoresis and qPCR amplification. The results of  the experiments indicate variations in the efficiency of DNA extraction methods depending  on the fabric type. Ideally both the fabrics have shown similar pattern of DNA recovery but  Cotton fabrics demonstrate higher DNA recovery rates, of DNA recovery but Cotton fabrics  demonstrate higher DNA recovery rates, compared to silk fabric but this is non-significant. In conclusion, provides valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities associated with  DNA extraction from blood stains on different fabrics for forensic investigation profiling. The  research findings contribute to the advancement of forensic DNA analysis and offer practical  guidance for forensic scientists to optimize their methods when handling blood-stained fabric  evidence. Further research and development in this field will undoubtedly strengthen the   forensic community’s ability to solve crimes and administer justice with greater accuracy and  reliability  

Background: The present study is an attempt to estimate stature from the measurements   of Foramen Magnum using postmortem multidetector computed tomography (PMCT) in the North Indian population. Foramen Magnum Length (FML) and Foramen Magnum  Breadth (FMB) measurements for every skull were taken using the PMCT of 100 North Indian people.  Materials and Method: PMCT examination was performed using a 16-slice MSCT spiral scanner, Cannon Medic l Systems, results were evaluated with the Vitrea  software v.6.9.1. The images were viewed using Multiplanar Reconstruction and Volume Rendering technique (MPR-VRT). STAT, FML, andFMB were measured and analyzed  Results: The study population comprised 57 males and 43 females with a mean age  of 38.3 years, respectively. Regression analysis was used in stature estimation from FML   and FMB. The standard error of estimate (SEE) of the FML was 6.18 and FMB was 6.64 for   the combined population while SEE ranged from 4.77 to 5.21 cm for the male population  and 6.18 to 6.30 cm for the female population respectively.  Conclusions: This study is the first to provide a metric and statistical analysis of the  Foramen Magnum measurements in Northern India using PMCT and concluded that
stature estimation is highly possible with minimum SEE from the Foramen Magnum  measurements. Furthermore, the equations derived to estimate stature in this study can  How to cite this article:  Karthi Vignesh Raj K, Abhishek Yadav, Sudhir K Gupta et al. Stature Estimation from Postmortem Multidetector Computed Tomography (PMCT) Foramen Magnum Measurements in North Indian Population. J Forensic Chemistry Toxicol. 2024;10(1):11–19.  be considered as an alternative to solve  forensic cases, in scenarios where only   an isolated skull is retrieved and no long  bones are available, which are considered better predictors to date.
 

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