Journal of Microbiology and Related Research

In this world of rapidly growing techs and steadfast alternatives which rather damage  environment than make it flourishing, we need the actual green alternative which will  efficiently supersede— the intoxication by petro fuels, waste-treatment machinery, green
house effects and many more. This search of alternative has made its way to sleek end   through the cultivation of algae and its benefits. As little amounts will do no good to the  seeking benefits the major ways found by scientists soaring through early methods like dilution isolation method and use of stencil & gelatine to create patterns to more modern  ways of open pond systems to photobioreactors. The review includes various efficient  ways of algal cultivation such as use of photobioreactors, open raceways, two-phase  hybrid systems and 3D triangular systems by discussing its limitations plus advantages.  The photo bioreactors though providing more efficiency than open pond system they still are not much used. The greed for improved systems made discovery of the two-phase  hybrid systems which obliterates disadvantage of both systems which are discussed. Though the thirst of improving led to the more different designs in the way of trials like  3D triangular systems which will be honoured in this review. We also go through a brief glimpse of algae’s role in replacing synthetic plastics with its bioplastic production as it shows very versatile group of polymers and high degradability.
 

In the intricate dance of nature, algae emerge not just as the silent architects of  vibrant underwater realms, but as the unsung heroes with the power to breathe life  into the natural world. In this comprehensive analysis we go through how algae jack
into— carbon’s void by sequestering carbon of CO2 using photosynthesis and mitigates  greenhouse emissions, purifies tainted waters by using wastes from wastewater like  nutrients, sparks a green revolution as it produces biofuels and being used as food for
nutrient enrichment as well as monitors environment as biosensors, thus concluding into algae’s ability to transcending conventional boundaries of environmental stewardship.  The more emphasis will be on illuminating on major benefits like biofuels, carbon
sequestration and wastewater treatment which might be sweet in the citrus
 

Blood systemic infections (BSIs) are major threat in hemodialysis patients. BSIs are  diagnosed by blood culturing for bacteria and serology for virus infections. These two methods are time taking and expensive and not covering all BSI microbes. An attempt is
made to compare microbial culturing and viral screening with serology by ELISA with blood metagenomic sequencing and sequence analysis. In blood agar media culturing 7 microbes (6 bacterial and 1 fungus), in ELISA screening 0 viruses and in metagenomic
sequence analysis 24 microbes (19 bacteria and 1 fungus, 3 viruses, 1 mycoplasma) were detected. Unculturable bacteria are also detected by metagenomic sequence analysis.  Hence metagenomic sequence analysis can be best as method for effective detection of  BSI’s.
 

Introduction: Among fungal infections, invasive candidiasis is often associated  with increased number of morbidity and death rate. Candida species causing so many  infections range from non fatal mucocutaneous infections to fatal blood stream infections,
so the aim of this study is isolate and speciate the Candida species and their anti-fungal  susceptibility to avoid unnecessarily consumption of anti-fungal drugs.  Material & Methods: A Prospective study which was carried out in the Department of
Microbiology, Pacific Institute of Medical Sciences Udaipur. Specimen collected from the various sites were collected and cultured on SDA agar and incubated. Identification of  Candida species was done through Hi-Crome Candida Differential Agar and anti-fungal  susceptibility was evaluated by VITEK-2 automated system and results were calculated  through statistical analysis.
Results: Out of 64 Candida isolates, 34.38% were Candida albicans, followed by Candida  tropicalis (31.25%) Candida krusei (20.31%), Candida kefyr (12.50%) and Candida glabrata  (1.56%). The most common Candida species isolated from urine were Candida albicans (34.24%) followed by Candida tropicalis (31.25%). Voriconazole (92.19%) and Amphotericin  B (89.06%) were found the most sensitive drugs against the Candida isolates followed  by Flucytosine (79.69%), Caspofungin (76.56%), Micafungin (70.31%) and Fluconazole  (62.50%). All the Candida kefyr isolates were susceptible to Voriconazole, AmphotericinB and Flucytosine and resistant to Fluconazole. all Candida glabrata isolates were susceptible to all the 4 drugs except
Micafungin and Caspofungin.  Conclusion: The present study shows the distribution of Candida species in
various clinical specimens and also  revealed that Non-albicans Candida species are emerging as the predominant species.
The increased resistance of Candida isolates  towards common anti-fungal drugs which is a concern around all over the world
 

Composting is one of the feasible waste disposal methods used by municipal    corporations. This study was aimed to assess the use of kitchen waste in home composting,  which can be used in home gardens as plant fertilizer, which is more economical and
non-hazardous than commercial chemical fertilizers. Solid waste like vegetable scraps,  fruit peels, tissues, newspapers, dry leaves and twigs were used as raw materials for  composting in a plastic bag and bucket. A plant growth study was carried out to check
the efficiency of compost in plants. Plant with compost from plastic bucket shows the  highest efficiency compared to other. We performed different tests to estimate the  physio-chemical properties of compost and showed that the prepared compost was a
dark brown color. Total C: N ratio was 10.1,13.2 and 3.1 in sample 1, sample 2 and control,  respectively. The pH of the compost was alkaline after two months of composting. The  results revealed that compost in plastic bag has less nutrient content. Nutrient loss can be  a significant drawback of home composting.