Social reform and social justice are important in the context of a fair and inclusive sustainable  development in a caste and class divided economy. Economic development can be described  in terms of output and employment. Structural change almost always corresponds to a change  in the sectoral shares. The process affects output and employment. The processes of changes  are crucial for generating sufficient wealth to improve human well-being. The changes could  also generate inequality. Government policies are essential to counteract upward pressure on  inequality and spread the benefits of development wider, from dynamic, modern activities to  other sectors of the economy. To echo Lewis, this means ‘trickle-along’ rather than trickle-down  will be the fundamental perspective to justify the development with justice. Government of Bihar  has introduced vigor in promoting social reforms and social justice in the economy.  The growth process in Bihar is due to stepped-up development expenditure which was almost  doubled. This growth is to garner resources for public investment either for service delivery  or for economic transformation. The nature of structural transformation can be visualized by  the movement of workers from lower-productivity to higher-productivity activities which has  long been regarded as an essential feature of rapid and sustainable growth. It will shift towards  integrated and inclusive governance and the emergence of functional, societal accountable public  institutions at all levels. Mission-oriented science and innovation do not end at proposing the  implementation of transformative action, but must be actively engaged in the tracking, analysing,  understanding and course-correcting of changes set in motion, so that the dynamics of change  can be nudged in overall desirable directions. The present study aims at analyzing the complex  issues around implementing the policies of inclusive sustainable development with social justice  and social reforms.

• 1.   Aiyar, S A (2010) “Bihar’s Economic Miracle: Real But Fragile”, The Times of India, 21, February.
• 2.   Amirapu, A and A. Subramanian (2015) Manufacturing or Services? An Indian Illustration of a Development Dilemma. Working Paper 409. Washington, DC: Center for Global Development.
• 3.   Barro, R (1996) “Democracy and Growth”, Journal of Economic Growth, 1(1): 1-27.
• 4.   Bhaumik, Sankar Kumar (Ed. ) (2023) Enhancing Agricultural Productivity and Farmer Incomes in Bihar, New Delhi, Sage /Spectrum.
• 5.   Sk. Abdul Rashid (2023) “Growth Performance of Agriculture During 2000-2020”, in Bhaumik (Ed. ), Pp 33-69.
• 6.   Bihar Economic Survey: 2021-22 and 2022-23, Finance Department, Ministry of Finance, Government of Bihar.
• 7.   Byres, T J (1998) “Introduction” in T J Byres (ed.), The Indian Economy: Major Debates since Independence (New Delhi: Oxford University Press).
• 8.   Chand, Ramesh (2023) “Enabeling Agriculture to Drive Faster and Inclusive Growth”, in Bhaumik (Ed. )Pp. 3-9.
• 9.   Datta, K. K, ( 2022) Navigating risk and uncertainty- The way forward of agribusiness for the Indian economy, pp43-48, Lead paper, In Souvenir-cum-Abstracts Book: National Seminar on “Converging Agribusiness Acumen for Growth, Profitability and Sustainability through Agripreneurs & Agri Start-ups”, 2022, Sabour Agri Incubators (SABAGRIs), Directorate of Research, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour-813210, Bhagalpur University website: www. bausabour. ac. in
• 10.   Dreze, J and Sen, A (2002) India, Development and Participation, New Delhi, Oxford.
• 11.   (2013) An Uncertain Glory, London,Allen Lane, Penguin.
• 12.   Economic Survey, 2022-23,(2023) Government of India, Ministry of Finance, Department of Economic Affairs, Economic Division, North Block.
• 13.   Gulati,A, R. Roy and S. Saini (Eds.)(2021) Revitalizing Indian agriculture and boosting farmer incomes, Springer India.
• 14.   Hall, R and C Jones (1999) “Why Do Some Countries Produce So Much More Output Per Worker Than Others?” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 114(1): 83-116.
• 15.   Harriss-White, B (1996) “Liberalisation and Corruption: Resolving the Paradox”, IDS Bulletin, 27(2), April.
• 16.   Hoda, A., Gulati, A., Jose, S., & Rajkhowa, P. (2021) “Sources and drivers of agricultural growth in Bihar”,in A. Gulati, R. Roy and S. Saini (Eds. )
• 17.   Hirschman, A O (1981) “The Rise and Decline of Development Economics”, Essays in Trespassing: Economics to Politics and Beyond (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
• 18.   Jha, Brajesh(2023). “Development, Migration and Productivity in Agriculture’, in Bhaumik (Ed. )Pp335-352.
• 19.   Kannan, E., & Pohit, S. (2019) Growth and structural transformation of agriculture in Bihar (Policy Brief No. 1), NCAER.
• 20.   Kauffman, D, A Kraay and P Zoido-Lobatón (1999) “Governance Matters”, World Bank Policy Working Paper No 2196, Washington DC.
• 21.   Khan, M H (1995) “State Failure in Weak States: A Critique of New Institutionalist Explanations” in J Harriss, J Hunter and C M Lewis (ed.), The New Institutional Economics and Third World Development, London,Routledge.
• 22.   Knack, S and P Keefer (1995) “Institutions and Economic Performance: Cross-Country Tests Using Alternative Institutional Measures”, Economics & Politics, 7(3): 207-27.
• 23.   Kochhar, K., U. Kumar, R. Rajan, A. Subramanian, and I. Tokatlidis (2006) ‘India’s Pattern of Development: What Happened, What Follows?’, Journal of Monetary Economics, 53: 981–1019. doi: https://doi. org/10. 1016/j. jmoneco. 2006. 05. 007.
• 24.   Kumar, Arun (2023) Economic Survey: Bihar Bounced Backin 2021-22, Hindusthan Times, February 27.
• 25.   Kmari, Tulika and K. M. Singh (2023) Enhanching productivity of Rabi Maize through technological change, in Bhaumik (Ed.) Pp. 70-78.
• 26.   Lahiri, Asok, K (2022) India in Search of Glory, Political Calculus and Economy. New Delhi, Business Penguin Random House.
• 27.   Mauro, P (1995) “Corruption and Growth”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110(3): 681-712.
• 28.   Mukerjee Reed A (2001) Perspectives on the Indian Corporate Economy: Exploring the Paradox of Profits, NY,Palgrave Macmillan.
• 29.   NCAER (2019); Study on agricultural diagnostics for the State of Bihar in India. New Delhi, NCAER.
• 30.   North, D (1990) Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance, NY,Cambridge University Press.
• 31.   Rawls, John (1971) ATheory of Justice, Cambridge MA, Harvard University.
• 32.   (2001) Justice as Fairness: A Restatement, Cambridge MA, Harvard University.
• 33.   SBI’s Group report on 11th October, 2022 on The One District One Export – District as Export Hubs (ODOP-DEH).
• 34.   Sen, Amartya ( 2009) The Idea of Justice, London, Allen Lane, Penguin.
• 35.   Singh Shiv Raj and Datta, K. K. (2013) Future of small holders in the Indian Dairy SectorSome Anecdotal Evidence, Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics Vol 68, No 2, Pp 182-194.
• 36.   Singh, Shiv Raj and K. K. Datta (2013) Futuristic Outlook to Ensure Food Security Through Broad-based Livelihood Activities Chapter 12, in Agrarian Crisis in India, Academic Foundation, Pp. 321-336.
• 37.   World Bank (1997) World Development Report 1997: The State in a Changing World, Washington DC, World Bank (WB).
• 38.   (2022) World Development Report 2022: Finance For Equitable Recovery, Washington DC, WB
• 39.   (2023) World Development Report 2023: Migrants, Refugees and Societies, Washington DC, WB.

Funding

Below is the link to the supplementary material.