Indian Journal of Agriculture Business

Developing countries have taken an enormous hit in terms of capital outflows, growing bond spreads, currency depreciations and lost export earnings, including from falling commodity prices and declining tourist revenues. Lacking the monetary, fiscal and administrative capacity to respond to this crisis, the consequences of a combined health pandemic and a global recession will be catastrophic for many developing countries and halt their progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals. In line with the government’s stated policy of Aatmanirvar Bharat or self reliance, Indian will integrate its rich economic and spiritual heritage with modern economic ideas for ethical wealth creation through a marriage of the invisible hand of the market with the hand of trust. We must recognise that wealth creation is a collective process and that market outcomes are the product of how these various “wealth creators” interact. We must drop the false dichotomy of governments versus markets and begin to think more clearly about the market outcomes we want. Public investments should be the mission oriented, instead of focused on “facilitating” or “incentivizing” business. Policy should actively shape and create markets, not just fix them when they go wrong. Fiscal and monetary policy will be important, but only if coupled with the creation of opportunities in the economy. Money creation, through quantitative easing, will not fuel the economy if the new money ends up in banks that do not lend. And when businesses do not see opportunities, interest rates stop affecting investment. Until the 1980s, productivity increases were accompanied by wage increases and rising living standards. This link was broken by a drop in labour’s negotiating power and companies’ increased financial orientation. The farm sector is likely to register positive growth even as the rest of the economy (barring the government sector) contracts. Federal structure will be the key for effective corporate governance and hence should be more involved in innovation policy, pressing for investments in education and training the long run drivers of wages. By generating a virtuous cycle where private investment, wage and employment growth as well as consumption feed into each other. The rise in agricultural activity, coupled with higher allocations to the MGNREGA also appears to have led to a sharp drop in rural unemployment as observed in the CMIE data. However, healthy growth of the farm sector, even if it continues, is unlikely to offset the economic losses suffered

The numeral of plants that have preservative and aromatic values to food is considerable during the last few decades. The change in consumption patterns of consumers that are “going green” is further augmenting. The advantage of these food additives is that they can be incorporated at any point in time with excellent antimicrobial, antioxidative, and preservative action. The functional properties of these plants are exhibited by the presence and quantum of active substances. As animal source foods are having a rich nutritional dense matrix and are very much prone to oxidative deterioration and microbial spoilage, judicial use of certain plants (Medicinal and aromatic plants) and their extracts can be promising aspects of natural additive supplementation for modern consumers. Thus, this conception can benefit the expansion ofndiversity and functionality of bioactive compounds as natural preservatives in foods of animal origin sector.

Air pollution refers to any physical, chemical, or biological changes in air quality i.e. contamination of air by harmful gases, dust, and smoke which affects plants, animals, and humans drastically. Air pollution is one of the major problems which affect animal health, production, and reproduction parameters throughout the world. Air pollutants may be an anthropogenic, biogenic, or geogenic source that is either not part of the natural atmosphere or is present in higher concentrations than in the natural atmosphere and can have harmful effects in the short or long term on living creatures. Mostly inhalation triggers health problems in animals as well as in human beings also, but occasionally deposition of particulate matter from industrial exhaust on pasture land may also affect health directly or indirectly. Pollutants may enter the animal’s body system by inhalation or ingestion mechanism and affects mostly the respiratory and cardiovascular system. Particulate matter (dust) and Bioaerosols are also responsible for reduced growth and increased morbidity and mortality from respiratory disease and abscesses in animals and human beings. Rapid industrialization, urbanization, and unplanned and excessive exploitation of natural resources have been causing pollution problems in cities and towns of developing countries.

Dairy farming is one of the most important economic activities in Uttarakhand state and is closely intervened with farming systems. Traditionally, significant importance is attached to animal husbandry in this region. According to Uttarakhand Dairy Development Board, milk production in the state has increased steadily. Milch cows and buffalo are reared at all altitudes and they have a high potential to develop dairy farming. Milk production in the state is 1741(000 tonnes) in the year 2017-2018 and per capita, availability was 447 gms/day. Various measures have been taken by the Government to develop the dairy business and livestock farming. The present paper aim is to discuss the status of dairy farming in India.

Rearing of pigs in India is predominantly occupied by marginal, small and semi-medium farmers which mostly follow an unorganized system of pig production. Intensive pig production has been grown all around the world and also has quite a potential in India as well. Labor in an organized farm is the most critical resource which influences its profitability of it. Information about manpower utilization for various pig farm operations is essential for the viewpoint of manpower deployment and management. A Time motion study was conducted at Swine Production Farm, IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh to find out the existing manpower utilization in newborn management activities for litters belonging to Desi, Landrace, and Crossbred breed dams. Three litters consisting of 7 piglets each were utilized to record the
time spent in different management activities in each group of dams. The time spent cleaning the farrowing pen was significantly higher (p<0.05) for the Desi dam than for the landrace and Crossbred dams. Time spent in attending new-borne activities was also significantly higher (p<0.05) for the Desi dam than the landrace and Crossbred dams.